See also:

• CRAYFISH (Fr. ecrevisse)

CRAYFISH (Fr. ecrevisse)  , the name of See also:

• FRESHWATER

freshwater crustaceans closely allied to and resembling the lobsters, and, like them, belonging to the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Macrura . They are divided into two families, the Astacidae and Parastacidae, inhabiting respectively the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern and the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern hemispheres . The crayfishes of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland (Astacus, or Potamobius, pallipes) are generally about 3 or 4 in. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, of a dull See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green or brownish See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour above and paler See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown or yellowish below . They See also:

• CRAYFISH (Fr. ecrevisse)

Crayfish (Cambarus sp.) from the See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi See also:

• RIVER

River . (After See also:

• MORSE, SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE (1791—1872)

Morse.) are abundant in some See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, especially where the rocks are of a calcareous nature, sheltering under stones or in burrows which they dig for themselves in the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks and coming out at See also:

• NIGHT

night in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food . They are omnivorous feeders, killing and eating See also:

• INSECTS

insects, snails, frogs and other animals, and devouring any carrion that comes in their way . It is stated that they sometimes come on See also:

• LAND

land in search of See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable food . On the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, Astacus pallipes occurs chiefly in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, being found in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and the 388 See also:

• BALKAN

Balkan See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula . It is known in France as ecrevisse d pattes blanches and in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany as Steinkrebs, and is little used as food . The larger Astacus fluviatilis (ecrevisse d pattes rouges, Edelkrebs) is not found in See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, but occurs in France and Germany, southern See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden, See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, &c . It is distinguished, among other characters, by the red colour of the under See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the large claws . It is the See also:

• SPECIES

species most highly esteemed for the table .

Other species of the genus are found in central and eastern Europe and as far See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east as See also:

• TURKESTAN
• TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

Turkestan . Farther east a See also:

• GAP

gap occurs in the See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution and no crayfishes are met with till the See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin of the See also:

• AMUR
• AMUR (known also as the Sakhalin-ula)

Amur is reached, where a See also:

• GROUP

group of species occurs, extending into northern See also:

• JAPAN

Japan . In See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICA

America, west of the Rocky Mountains, the genus Astacus again appears, but east of the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed it is replaced by the genus Cambarus, which is represented by very numerous species, ranging from the See also:

• GREAT

Great Lakes to See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . Several See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind species inhabit the subterranean See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of caves . The best known is Cambarus pellucidus, found in the See also:

• MAMMOTH
• MAMMOTH (0. Russ. mammot, mod. mamant; the Tatar word mama, earth, from which it is supposed to be derived, is not known to exist)

Mammoth See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

Cave of See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky . The See also:

• AREA

area of distribution occupied by the southern crayfishes or Parastacidae is separated by a broad See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone from that of the northern group, unless, as has been asserted, the two come into contact or overlap in Central America . None is found in any See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, though a species occurs in See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar . They are absent also from the See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental region of zoologists, but reappear in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia and New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand . Some of the Australian species, such as the "See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray River See also:

• LOBSTER (O.E. lopustre, lopystre, a corruption of Lat. locusta, lobster or other marine shell-fish; also a locust)

lobster" (Astacopsis spinifer), are of large See also:

• SIZE

size and are used for food . In South America crayfishes are found in southern See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, See also:

• ARGENTINA

Argentina and See also:

• CHILE, or CHILI (derived, it is said, from the Quichua chin , cold, or tchili, snow)

Chile . (W . T .