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CRAYON (Fr. craie, chalk, from Lat. c...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 388 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CRAYON (Fr. craie, See also:chalk, from See also:Lat. creta)  , a coloured material for See also:drawing, employed generally in the See also:form of pencils, but sometimes also as a See also:powder, and consisting of native earthy and stony friable substances, or of artificially prepared mixtures of a See also:base of See also:pipe or See also:china See also:clay with Prussian See also:blue, See also:orpiment, See also:vermilion, See also:umber and other See also:pigments . Calcined See also:gypsum, See also:talc and compounds of See also:magnesium, See also:bismuth and See also:lead are occasionally used as bases . The required shades of tints are obtained by adding varying amounts of colouring See also:matter to equal quantities of the base . Crayons are used by the artist to make groupings of See also:colours and to secure landscape and other effects with ease and rapidity . The outline as well as the See also:rest of the picture is See also:drawn in See also:crayon . The colours are softened off and blended by the See also:finger, with the assistance of a stump of See also:leather or See also:paper; and shading is produced by See also:cross-hatching and stippling . The See also:art of See also:painting in crayon or See also:pastel is supposed to have originated in See also:Germany in the 17th See also:century . By Johann See also:Alexander Thiele (1685–1752) it was carried to See also:great perfection, and in See also:France it was See also:early practised with much success . Amongst the earlier pastellists may be mentioned Rosalba Carriera (1675–1757), W . See also:Hoare (1707–1792), F . See also:Cotes (1726–1770), and J . See also:Russell (1744–1806); and in See also:recent years the art has been successfully revived .

End of Article: CRAYON (Fr. craie, chalk, from Lat. creta)
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SIR EDWARD SHEPHERD CREASY (1812-1878)

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