PROSPER JOLYOT DE See also:

• PROSPER JOLYOT DE CREBILLON (1674-1762)

CREBILLON (1674-1762)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French tragic poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 13th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1674 at See also:

• DIJON

Dijon, where his See also:

• FATHER

father, Melchior Jolyot, was See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary-royal . Having been educated at the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits' school of the See also:

• TOWN

town, and at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College See also:

• MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661)

Mazarin, he became an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate, and was placed in the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of a lawyer named See also:

• PRIEUR, PIERRE (c. 1626-c. 1676)

Prieur at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . With the encouragement of his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, son of an old friend of See also:

• SCARRON, PAUL (1610-166o)

Scarron's, he produced a Mort See also:

• DES

des enfants de See also:

• BRUTUS (originally an adjective meaning " heavy," "stupid," kindred with Gr. aap(s, cf. Eng. " brute," " brutal")

Brutus, which, however, he failed to bring upon the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage . But in 1705 he succeeded with Idomenee; in 1707 his Atree et Thyeste was repeatedly acted at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court; Electre appeared in 1709; and in 1711 he produced his finest See also:

• PLAY

play, the Rhadamiste et Zenobie, which is his masterpiece and held the stage for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, although the See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot is so complicated as to be almost incomprehensible . But his See also:

• XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes (1714) was only once played, and his See also:

• SEMIRAMIS (c. 800 B.C.)

Semiramis (1717) was an See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute failure . In 1707 See also:

• CREBILLON, PROSPER JOLYOT DE (1674-1762)

Crebillon had married a girl without See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune, who had since died, leaving him two See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . His father also had died, insolvent . His three years' attendance at court had been fruitless . Envy had circulated innumerable slanders against him . Oppressed with See also:

• MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy, he removed to a See also:

• GARRET (from the O. Fr. garite, modern guerite, a watch-tower, connected ultimately with " guard " and " ward ")

garret, where he surrounded himself with a number of See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs, See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats and ravens, which he had befriended; he became utterly careless of cleanliness or See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food, and solaced himself with See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant smoking . But in 1731, in spite of his long seclusion, he was elected member of the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy; in 1735 he was appointed royal See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor; and in 1745 Mme de See also:

• POMPADOUR, JEANNE ANTOINETTE POISSON LE NORMANT

Pompadour presented him with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of 1000 francs and a See also:

• POST

post in the royal library . He returned to the stage in 1726 with a successful play, See also:

• PYRRHUS (c. 318–272 B.C.)

Pyrrhus; in 1748 his Catilina was played with See also:

• GREAT

great success before the court; and in 1754, when he was eighty years old, appeared his last tragedy, Le Triumviral .

Crebillon died on the 17th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1754 . The enemies of See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire maintained that Crebillon was his See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior as a tragic poet . The spirit of rivalry thus provoked induced Voltaire to take the subjects of no less than five of Crebillon's tragedies—Semiramis, Electre, Catilina, Le Triumviral, Ahree—as subjects for tragedies of his own . The so-called Eloge de Crebillon (1762), really a depreciation, which appeared in the See also:

• YEAR

year of the poet's See also:

• DEATH

death, is generally attributed to Voltaire, though he strenuously denied the authorship . Crebillon's See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama is marked by a force too often gained at the expense of scenes of unnatural horror; his pieces show lack of culture and a want of care which displays itself even in the mechanism of his See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, though See also:

• FINE

fine isolated passages are not infrequent . There are numerous See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of his See also:

• WORKS

works, among which may be noticed: Euvres (1772), with See also:

• PREFACE (Med. Lat. prefatia, for classical praefatio, praefari, to speak beforehand)

preface and " eoge," by See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph de la See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte; tEuvres (1828), containing D'See also:

• ALEMBERT, JEAN LE ROND

Alembert's Eloge de Crebillon (1775) ; and See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

Theatre complet (1885) with a See also:

• NOTICE

notice by Auguste Vitu . A See also:

• COMPLETE

complete bibliography is given by See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice Dutrait, in his Etude sur la See also:

• VIE

vie et le theatre de Crebillon (1895) . His only son, See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

CLAUDE PROSPER JOLYOT CREBILLON (1707-1777), French novelist, was born at Paris on the 14th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1707 . His See also:

• LIFE

life was spent almost entirely in Paris, but the publication of L'Ecumoire, ou Tanzai et Neadarne, histoire japonaise (1734), which contained veiled attacks on the See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull Unigenitus, ,the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal de See also:

• ROHAN
• ROHAN, HENRI
• ROHAN, LOUIS RENE EDOUARD, CARDINAL DE (1734-1803)

Rohan and the duchesse du See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, brought Crebillon into disgrace . He was first imprisoned and afterwards forced to live in See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile for five years at See also:

• SENS

Sens and elsewhere . With See also:

• ALEXIS
• ALEXIS, WILLIBALD

Alexis See also:

• PIRON, ALEXIS (1689-1773)

Piron and See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• CELLE

Celle he founded in 1752 the See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

gay society which met regularly to dine at the famous " Caveau," where many See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good stories were elaborated . From 1759 onwards he was to be found at the Wednesday dinners of the Pelletier, at which See also:

• GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick, See also:

• STERNE, LAURENCE (1713-1768)
• STERNE, RICHARD (c. 15gb-1683)

Sterne and Wilkes were sometimes guests .

He married in 1748 an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FAMILY

family, Lady Henrietta Maria See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford, who had been his See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress from 1744 . Their life is said to have been passed in much See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection and mutual fidelity; and there could be no greater contrast than that between Crebillon's private life and the See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone of his novels, the immorality of which See also:

• LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")

lent See also:

• IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

irony to the author's See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of the office of censor, bestowed on him in 1759 through the favour of Mme de Pompadour . He died in Paris on the 12th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1777 . The most famous of his numerous novels are: See also:

• LES

Les Amours de Zeokinizul, roi des Kofirans (1740), in which " Zeokinizul " and " Kofirans " may be translated See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV. and the French respectively; and Le Sopha, See also:

• CONTE

conte moral (1740), where the moral is supplied in the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title only . This last novel is given by some authorities as the See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason for his imprisonment . His Euvres were collected and printed in 1772 . See a notice of Crebillon prefixed to O . Uzanne's edition of his Conies dialogues in the. See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Conteurs du XVIIIe sibcle . Crebillon's novels might be pronounced immoral to the last degree if it were not that two writers slightly later in date surpassed even his achievements in this particular . See also:

• ANDRE, JOHN (1751-178o)

Andre See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert de Nerciat (1739—1800) produced under a false name a number of licentious tales, and was followed by Donatien, See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de See also:

• SADE, DONATIEN ALPHONSE FRANCOIS, COUNT

Sade .