See also:

• CRECY (Cressy)

CRECY (See also:

• CRESSY, HUGH PAULINUS DE (c. 1605-1674)

Cressy)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• SOMME

Somme, on the Maye, 12 M . N. by E. of See also:

• ABBEVILLE

Abbeville by road . It is famous in See also:

• HISTORY

history for the See also:

• GREAT

great victory gained here on the 26th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1346 by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English under See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III. over the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip of See also:

• VALOIS, COUNTS AND DUKES OF
• VALOIS, HENRI DE [VALESIUS] (1603-1676)

Valois . After its See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign in northern France, the English See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army retired into Ponthieu, and encamped on the 25th of August at See also:

• CRECY (Cressy)

Crecy, the French king in the meantime marching from Abbeville on Braye . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early on the 26th Edward's army took up its position for See also:

• BATTLE

battle, and Philip's, See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of this, moved to attack him, though the French army marched in much disorder, and on arrival formed only an imperfect See also:

• LINE

line of battle . The English See also:

• LAY

lay on the forward slope of a hillside, with their right in front of the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Crecy, their See also:

• LEFT

left resting on Wadicourt . Two of the three divisions or " battles " were in first line, that of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales (the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Prince) on the right, that of the earls of See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton and See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel on the left; En,ay Wa{ka(K the third, under the king's own command, in reserve, and the baggage was packed to the See also:

• REAR

rear . Each battle consisted of a centre of dismounted knights and men-at-arms, and two wings of archers . The See also:

• TOTAL

total force was 3900 men-at-arms, 1 r,000 English archers, and 5000 Welsh See also:

• LIGHT

light troops (See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart, first edition, the second gives a different estimate) . The French were far stronger, having at least 12,000 men-at-arms, 6000 See also:

• MERCENARY (Lat. mercenarius, from merces, reward, gain)

mercenary crossbowmen (Genoese), perhaps 20,000 of the milice See also:

• DES

des communes, besides a certain number of See also:

• FOOT

foot of the feudal See also:

• LEVY (Fr. levee, from lever, Lat. levare, to lift, raise)
• LEVY, AMY (1861–1889)
• LEVY, AUGUSTE MICHEL (1844– )

levy . Along with these served a See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg contingent of See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse under See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, king of Bohemia, and other feudatories of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, and the whole force was probably about 6o,000 strong . The See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day was far advanced when the French came upon the English position .

Philip, near See also:

• ESTREES, GABRIELLE

Estrees, decided to See also:

• HALT

halt and See also:

• BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

bivouac, deferring the battle until the army was better closed up, but the indiscipline of his army committed him to an immediate See also:

• ACTION

action, and he ordered forward the Genoese crossbowmen, while a line of men-at-arms deployed for battle behind them; the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the army was still marching in an irregular See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column of route along the road from Abbeville . A sudden thunderstorm caused a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short delay, then the archers and the crossbowmen opened the battle . Here, for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental warfare, the English See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow proved its See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth . After a brief contest the crossbow-men, completely outmatched, were driven back with enormous loss . Thereupon the first line of French knights behind them charged down upon the " faint-hearted See also:

• RABBLE

rabble " of their own fugitives, and soon the first two lines of the French were a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• MOB

mob of horse and foot struggling with each other . The archers did not neglect the opportunity, and shot coolly and rapidly into the helpless See also:

• TARGET
• TARGET, GUI JEAN BAPTISTE (1733-1807)

target in front of them . The second attack was made by another large See also:

• BODY

body of knights which had arrived, and served but to increase the number of the casualties, though here and there a few charged up to the English line and See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell near it, among them the See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind king of Bohemia, who with a party of devoted knights penetrated, and was killed amongst, the ranks of the prince of Wales's men-at-arms . The battle was now one long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of desperate but See also:

• ILL

ill-conducted charges, a fresh onslaught being made as each new See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of troops appeared on the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene . The English archers on the flanks of the two first line battles had been wheeled up, the centres of dismounted men-at-arms held back, so that the whole line resembled a herse " or See also:

• HARROW

harrow with three points formed by the archers (see See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch) . Each successive body of the French sought to come to See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close quarters with the men-at-arms, and exposed themselves therefore at short range to the arrows on either flank . Under these circumstances there could be but one issue of the battle . Though sixteen distinct attacks were made, and the fighting lasted until long after dark, no impression was made on the English line .

At one moment the prince was so far in danger that his barons sent to the king for aid . Even then Edward was not disquieted and he sent a mere handful of knights to the prince's battle, saying, " Let the boy win his spurs." The left battle of the English, hitherto somewhat to the rear, moved up into line with the prince, and the French attack slackened . By midnight the army of France was practically annihilated; 1542 men of See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle See also:

• BLOOD

blood were left dead on the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field and counted by Edward's heralds, the losses of the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder are unknown . Some fifty of the victors fell in the battle . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that the Black Prince adopted from the fallen king of Bohemia the See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

crest and See also:

• MOTTO (an Italian word, from Late Lat. muttum, a low sound, a mutter or murmur, cf. mutere, to mutter; the Latin word also gives Fr. mot, word)

motto now See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne by the princes of Wales lacks See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation (see JOHN, King of Bohemia) . A memorial to the French and their See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies was erected, by public subscription in France, Luxemburg and Bohemia, in 1905 . See H . B . See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George, Battles of English History (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1895), and C . W . C . See also:

• OMAN

Oman, A History of the See also:

• ART

Art of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War; The See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle Ages (London, 1898) .