See also:

• CREFELD, or KREFELD

CREFELD, or KREFELD  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the Prussian See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of and 3 M. distant from the Rhine, 3 2 M . N.W. from See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, and 15 m: N.W. from See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf, with which it is connected by a See also:

• LIGHT

light electric railway . Pop . (1875) 62,905; (1905) 110,410 . The town is one of the finest in the Rhine provinces, being well and regularly built, and possessing several handsome squares and attractive public gardens . A striking point about the inner town is that it forms a large rectangle, enclosed by four wide boulevards or " walls." This feature, rare in See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German towns, is due to the fact that See also:

• CREFELD, or KREFELD

Crefeld was always an " open See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place," and that therefore the circular See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a fortress town could be dispensed with . It has six See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and four Evangelical churches (of which the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic Friedenskirche with a lofty See also:

• SPIRE

spire, and the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph, in the Romanesque See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, are alone See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth See also:

• SPECIAL

special mention); there are also a Mennonite and an Old Catholic church . The town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, decorated with frescoes by P . See also:

• JANSSEN, JOHANNES (1829-1891)
• JANSSEN, or JANSEN (sometimes JOHNSON), CORNELIUS (1593-1664)
• JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CESAR (1824–1907)

Janssen (b.1844), and the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum are the most noteworthy See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings . In the promenades are monuments to See also:

• MOLTKE, ADAM GOTTLOB, COUNT (1710-1792)
• MOLTKE, ADAM WILHELM, COUNT (1785-1864)
• MOLTKE, HELMUTH CARL BERNHARD, COUNT VON (1800-1891)

Moltke, See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck and Karl Wilhelm, the composer of the Wacht am Rhein . Among the See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools and scientific institutions of the town the most important is the higher grade technical school for the study of the textile See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries, which is attended by students from all parts of the See also:

• WORLD

world . Connected with this are subsidiary schools, notably one for See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing and See also:

• FINISHING

finishing .

Crefeld is the most important seat of the See also:

• SILK

silk and See also:

• VELVET

velvet manufactures in Germany, and in this See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry the larger See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of town and neighbourhood is employed . There are upwards of 12,000 silk See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power-looms in operation, and the value of the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual output in this See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch alone is estimated at £3,000,000 . A special feature is the manufacture of silk for covering umbrellas; while of its velvet manufacture that of velvet ribbon is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . The other industries of the town, notably dyeing, stuff-See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing and stamping, are very considerable, and there are also See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering and See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine shops, chemical, See also:

• CELLULOSE

cellulose, See also:

• SOAP

soap, and other factories, breweries, distilleries and tanneries . The surrounding fertile See also:

• DISTRICT

district is almost entirely laid out in See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market gardens . Crefeld is an important railway centre, and has See also:

• DIRECT

direct communication with Cologne, See also:

• RHEYDT

Rheydt, Munchen-See also:

• GLADBACH

Gladbach and See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland (via Zevenaar) . Crefeld is first mentioned in records of the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . From the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles IV. it received market rights in 1361 and the status of a town in 1373 . It belonged to the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Mors, and was annexed to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, with the countship, in 1702 . It remained a place of little importance until the 17th century, when religious persecution drove to it a number of Calvinists and Separatists from See also:

• JULICH
• JULICH (Fr. fullers)

Julich and See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

Berg (followed later by See also:

• MENNONITES

Mennonites), who introduced the manufacture of See also:

• LINEN

linen . The number of such immigrants still further increased in the 18th century, when, the silk industry having been introduced from Holland, the town rapidly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French occupation in 1795 and the resulting restriction of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade weighed for a while heavily upon the new industry; but with the termination of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and the re-See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of Prussian See also:

• RULE

rule the old prosperity returned .