See also:

• CRESCENT (Lat. crescens, growing)

CRESCENT (See also:

• LAT

Lat. crescens, growing)  , originally the waxing See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon, hence a name applied to the shape of the moon in its first See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter . The See also:

• CRESCENT (Lat. crescens, growing)

crescent is employed as a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge in See also:

• HERALDRY

heraldry, with its horns See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical; when they are turned to the See also:

• DEXTER, HENRY MARTYN (1821—1890)
• DEXTER, TIMOTHY (1747—1806)

dexter See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield, it is called increscent, when to the sinister, decrescent . A crescent is used as a difference to denote the second son of a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house; thus the earls of See also:

• HARRINGTON
• HARRINGTON, EARLS OF
• HARRINGTON, or HARINGTON, JAMES (16'1-'677)

Harrington See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place a crescent upon a crescent, as descending from the second son of a second son . An See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the crescent was instituted by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I. of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples and See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily in 1268, and revived by Rene of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou in 1464 . A See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish order or decoration of the crescent was instituted by See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan See also:

• SELIM

Selim III. in 1799, in memory of the See also:

• DIAMOND

diamond crescent which he had presented to See also:

• NELSON
• NELSON, HORATIO NELSON, VISCOUNT (1758-1805)
• NELSON, ROBERT (s656-1715)

Nelson after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, and which Nelson wore on his coat as if it were an order . The crescent is the military and religious See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

• TURKS

Turks . • According to the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story told by See also:

• HESYCHIUS

Hesychius of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus, during the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• BYZANTIUM

Byzantium by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip of Macedon the moon suddenly appeared, the See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

dogs began to bark and aroused the inhabitants, who were thus enabled to frustrate the enemy's See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of undermining the walls . The grateful Byzantines erected a statue to " See also:

• TORCH (O. Fr. torche, from Med. Lat. tortia, derived from tortus, twisted, torquere, to twist)

torch-bearing " See also:

• HECATE (Gr. 'EKa-rrl, " she who works from afar "1)

Hecate, and adopted the lunar crescent as the badge of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . It is generally supposed that it was in turn adopted by the Turks after the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople in 1453, either as a badge of See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph, or to commemorate a partial See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse of the moon on the See also:

• NIGHT

night of the final attack . In reality, it seems to have been used by them See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before that event . See also:

• ALA

Ala ud-din, the Seljuk sultan of See also:

• ICONIUM (mod. Konia)

Iconium (1245-1254), and Ertoghrul, his See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant and the founder of the Ottoman See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Turkish See also:

• RACE

race, assumed it as a See also:

• DEVICE

device, and it appeared on the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of the See also:

• JANISSARIES (corrupted from Turkish yeni cheri, new troops)

janissaries of Sultan Orkhan (1326-1360) . Since the new moon is associated with See also:

• SPECIAL

special acts of devotion in See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey—where, as in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, there is a popular superstition that it is unlucky to see it through See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass —it may originally have been adopted in consequence of its religious significance .

According to See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor Ridgeway, however, the Turkish crescent, like that seen on See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse-trappings, has nothing to do with the new moon, but is the result of the baseto-See also:

• BASE

base See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction of two claw or tusk amulets, an example of which has been brought to See also:

• LIGHT

light during the excavations of the site of the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• ARTEMIS

Artemis Orthia at See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta (see See also:

• ATHENAEUM

Athenaeum, See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 21, 1908) . There is nothing distinctively Turkish in the See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of crescent and See also:

• STAR

star which appears on the Turkish See also:

• NATIONAL

national standard; the latter is shown by coins and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions to have been an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Illyrian symbol, and is of course See also:

• COMMON

common in knightly and decorative orders . It is doubtful whether any opposition between crescent and See also:

• CROSS

cross, as symbols of See also:

• ISLAM

Islam and See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, was ever intended by the Turks; and it is an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error to attribute the crescent to the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens of crusading times or the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Crescent is also the name of a Turkish musical See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument . In See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture, a crescent is a See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street following the arc of a circle; the name in this sense was first used in the Royal Crescent at See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath .