1ST See also:

• EARL

EARL See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

EVELYN See also:

• BARING

BARING See also:

• CROMER
• 1ST EARL EVELYN BARING CROMER (1841– )

CROMER (1841– )  , See also:

• BRITISH

British statesman and diplomatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 26th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1841, the ninth son of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• BARING

Baring, M.P., by See also:

• CECILIA, SAINT

Cecilia See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne, eldest daughter of See also:

• ADMIRAL

Admiral See also:

• WINDHAM, WILLIAM (1750-1810)

Windham of Felbrigge See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk . Having joined the Royal See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

Artillery in 1858, he was appointed in 1861 A.D.C. to See also:

• SIR

Sir Henry Storks, high See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of the Ionian Islands, and acted as secretary to the same See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief during the inquiry into the See also:

• JAMAICA

Jamaica outbreak in 1865 . Gazetted See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in 187o, he went in 1872 as private secretary to his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• NORTHBROOK, THOMAS GEORGE BARING, 1ST EARL OF (1826-1904)

Northbrook, See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

Viceroy of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, where he remained until 1876, when he became See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major, received the C.S.I., and was appointed British commissioner of the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian public See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . Up to this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period Major Baring had given no unusual signs of promise, and the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of a comparatively untried major of artillery as the British representative on a See also:

• FINANCIAL

Financial See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board composed of representatives of all the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers was considered a bold one . Within a very See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time it was recognized that the Englishman, though keeping himself carefully in the background, was unmistakably the predominant See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor on the board . He was mainly responsible for the searching See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report, issued in 1878, of the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of inquiry that had been instituted into the financial methods of the See also:

• KHEDIVE

Khedive See also:

• ISMAIL (1830-1895)

Ismail; and when that able and unscrupulous See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental had to submit to an enforced See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication in 1879, it was Major Baring who became the British controller-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical director of the Dual See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

Control . Had he remained in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, the whole course of Egyptian See also:

• HISTORY

history might have been altered, but his services were deemed more necessary in India, and under Lord See also:

• RIPON
• RIPON, GEORGE FREDERICK SAMUEL ROBINSON, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1827-1909)

Ripon he became financial member of See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council in See also:

• JUNE

June 1880 . He remained there till 1883, leaving an unmistakable See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark on the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian financial See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and then, having been rewarded by the K.C.S.I., he was appointed British See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent and See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul-general in Egypt and a See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister plenipotentiary in the See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic service . Sir See also:

• EVELYN, JOHN (1620-1706)

Evelyn Baring was at that time only a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• FORTY

forty-two, who had gained a reputation for considerable financial ability, combined with an abruptness of manner and a certain See also:

• AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)

autocracy of demeanour which, it was feared, would impede his success in a position which required considerable tact and See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy . It was a friendly colleague who wrote " The virtues of See also:

• PATIENCE

Patience are known, But I think that, when put to the See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch, The See also:

• PEOPLE

people of Egypt will own, with a groan, There's an Evil in Baring too much." When he arrived in See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo in 1883 he found the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country almost non-existent . Ismail had ruled with allthe vices, but also with all the advantages, of autocracy . Disorder in the finances, brutality towards the people, had been combined with public tranquillity and the See also:

• OUTER

outer semblance of See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization .

See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order, at least, reigned from the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan to the Mediterranean, and such triviai military disturbances as had occurred had been of Ismail's own devising and for his own purposes . Tewfik, who had succeeded him, had neither the inclination nor See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character to be a See also:

• DESPOT (Gr. Sc-va6rgs, lord or master; the origin of the first part of the Gr. word is unknown, the second part is cognate with rbvcs, husband, Lat. potens, powerful)

despot . Within three years his See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government had been all but overthrown, and he was only khedive by the See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

grace of British bayonets . Government by bayonets was not in See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord with the views of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, yet Ismail's government by the kourbash could not be restored . The British government, under Mr See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone, desired to establish in Egypt a sort of constitutional government; and as there existed no single See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of a constitution, they had sent out Lord Dufferin (the first See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of Dufferin) to See also:

• FRAME

frame one . That gifted nobleman, in the delightful lucidity of his picturesque report, See also:

• LEFT

left nothing to be desired except the material necessary to convert the flowing periods into See also:

• POLITICAL

political entities.' In the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of that, the constitution was still-born, and Sir Evelyn Baring arrived to find, not indeed a clean See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate, but a worn-out See also:

• PAPYRUS

papyrus, disfigured by the efforts of centuries to describe in hieroglyph a method of See also:

• RULE

rule for a docile people . From that date the history of Sir Evelyn Baring, who became See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• CROMER
• CROMER, EVELYN BARING, 1ST EARL (1841– )

Cromer in 1892, G.C.B. in 1895, See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

viscount in 1897, and See also:

• EARL

earl in 19o1, is the history of Egypt, and requires the barest mention of its salient points here . From the outset he realized that the task he had to perform could only be effected piecemeal and in detail, and his very first measure was one which, though severely criticized at the time, has been justified by events, and which in any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case showed that he shirked no responsibility, and was capable of adopting heroic methods . He counselled the See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment, at least temporarily, by Egypt of its authority in the Sudan provinces, already challenged by the See also:

• MANDI

mandi . His views were shared by the British See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and the policy of abandonment enforced upon the Egyptian government . At the same time it was decided that efforts should be made to relieve the Egyptian garrisons in the Sudan and this resolve led to the See also:

• MISSION

mission of General C . G .

See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon (q.v.) to See also:

• KHARTUM

Khartum . Lord Cromer subsequently told the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of Gordon's mission at length, making clear the measure of responsibility resting upon him as British agent . The proposal to employ Gordon came from the British government and twice Sir Evelyn rejected the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion . Finally, mistrusting his own See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment, for he did not consider Gordon the proper See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person for the mission, Baring yielded to pressure from Lord See also:

• GRANVILLE
• GRANVILLE, GRANVILLE
• GRANVILLE, JOHN CARTERET, EARL (1690-1763)

Granville . Thereafter he gave Gordon all the support possible, and in the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• MATTER

matter of the proposed despatch of Zobeir to Khartum, Baring—after a few days' hesitation—cordially endorsed Gordon's See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request . The request was refused by the British government—and the See also:

• CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

catastrophe which followed at Khartum rendered inevitable . The Sudan crisis being over, for the time, Sir Evelyn Baring set to See also:

• WORK

work to reorganize Egypt itself . This work he attacked in detail . The very first essential was to regulate the financial situation; and in Egypt, where the entire See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue is based on the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of the See also:

• SOIL

soil, See also:

• IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation was of the first importance . With the assistance of Sir See also:

• COLIN, ALEXANDRE (1526-1612)

Colin See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott Moncrieff, in the public See also:

• WORKS

works See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department, and Sir See also:

• EDGAR (EADGAR)
• EDGAR, or EADGAR (c. 1050-c. 1130)

Edgar See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent, as financial adviser, these two great departments were practically put in order before he gave more than superficial See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest . The ministry of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice was the next department seriously taken in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, with the assistance of Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Scott, while the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army had been re-formed under Sir Evelyn See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Wood, who was succeeded by Sir See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis (afterwards Lord) Grenfell . See also:

• EDUCATION

Education, the ministry In 1892 Lord Dufferin wrote to Lord Cromer : " These institutions were a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal ridiculed at the time, but as it was then uncertain how See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long we were going to remain, or rather how soon the See also:

• TURKS

Turks might not be reinvested with their See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient supremacy, I desired to erect some sort of barrier, however feeble, against their intolerable tyranny." In 1906 Lord Cromer See also:

• BORE

bore public testimony to the good results of the See also:

• MEASURES

measures adopted on Lord Dufferin's " statesmanlike initiative." Such results were, however, only possible in consequence of the continuance of the British occupation .

of the interior, and gradually every other department, came to be reorganized, or, more correctly speaking, formed, under Lord Cromer's carefully persistent direction, until it may be said to-day that the Egyptian administration can safely See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge comparison with that of any other See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . In the meantime the rule of the mandi and his successor, the See also:

• KHALIFA, THE

khalifa, in the temporarily abandoned provinces of the Sudan, had been weakened by See also:

• INTERNAL

internal dissensions; the Italians from See also:

• MASSAWA, or MASSOWAII

Massawa, the Belgians from the See also:

• CONGO

Congo State, and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French from their See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AFRICAN

African possessions, had gradually approached nearer to the valley of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile; and the moment had arrived at which Egypt must decide either to recover her position in the Sudan or allow the Upper Nile to fall into hands hostile to Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and her position in Egypt . Lord Cromer was as See also:

• QUICK

quick to recognize the moment for See also:

• ACTION

action and to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as he had fifteen years earlier been prompt to recognize the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of abstention . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March-See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1896 the first advance was made to See also:

• DONGOLA

Dongola under the See also:

• SIRDAR, or SARDAR (Persian sardar, meaning a leader or joint; and the bones of the fore-arm are about equally developed, officer)

Sirdar, Sir See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert (afterwards Lord) See also:

• KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER, VISCOUNT (1850- )

Kitchener; between See also:

• JULY

July 1897 and See also:

• APRIL

April 1898 the advance was pushed forward to the See also:

• ATBARA (Bahr-el-Aswad, or Black River)

Atbara; and on the 2nd of September 1898, the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• OMDURMAN

Omdurman finally crushed the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the khalifa and restored the Sudan to the rule of Egypt and Great Britain . In the negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-French See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of the 8th of April 1904, whereby See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound herself not to obstruct in any manner the action of Great Britain in Egypt and the Egyptian government acquired financial freedom, Lord Cromer took an active See also:

• PART

part . He also successfully guarded the interests of Egypt and Great Britain in 1906 when See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey attempted by encroachments in the See also:

• SINAI

Sinai See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula to obtain a strategic position on the See also:

• SUEZ

Suez See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal . To have effected all this in the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the greatest difficulties—political, See also:

• NATIONAL

national and See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international—and at the same time to have raised the See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit of the country from a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy to an equality with that of the first See also:

• EUROPEAN

European powers, entitles Lord Cromer to a very high See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the greatest administrators and statesmen that the British See also:

• EMPIRE

empire has produced . In April 1907, in consequence of the state of his See also:

• HEALTH

health, he resigned office, having held the See also:

• POST

post of British agent in Egypt for twenty-four years . In July of the same See also:

• YEAR

year See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament granted £50,000 out of the public funds to Lord Cromer in recognition of his " eminent services " in Egypt . In 1908 he published, in two volumes, See also:

• MODERN

Modern Egypt, in which he gave an impartial narrative of events in Egypt and the Sudan since 1876, and dealt with the results to Egypt of the British occupation of the country . Lord Cromer also took part in the political controversies at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home, joining himself to the See also:

• FREE

free-See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade wing of the Unionist party . Lord Cromer married in 1876 Ethel See also:

• STANLEY (FAMILY)
• STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (18x5–1881)
• STANLEY, EDWARD (1779-1849)
• STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (184o-1904)
• STANLEY, SIR WILLIAM (1548-163o)
• STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678)

Stanley, daughter of Sir See also:

• ROWLAND, HENRY AUGUSTUS (1848-1901)

Rowland Stanley Errington, See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh See also:

• BARONET

baronet, but was left a widower with two sons in 1898; and in 1901 he married See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Katherine Thynne, daughter of the 4th marquess of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath .