See also:ALEXANDER See also:CRUDEN (1701-1770)
, author of the well-known See also:concordance (q.v.) to the See also:English See also:Bible, was See also:born at See also:Aberdeen on the 31st of May 1701
.
He was educated at the See also:grammar school, Aberdeen, and studied at Marischal See also:College, intending to enter the See also:ministry
.
He took the degree of See also:master of arts, but soon after began to show signs of See also:insanity owing to a disappointment in love
.
After a See also:term of confinement he recovered and removed to See also:London
.
In 1722 he had an engagement as private See also:tutor to the son of a See also:country See also:squire living at See also:Eton See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, See also:South-See also:gate, and also held a similar See also:post at See also:Ware
.
Years afterwards, in an application for the See also:title of bookseller to the See also:queen, he stated that he had been for some years corrector for the See also:press in See also:Wild See also:Court
.
This probably refers to this See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time
.
In 1729 he was employed by the loth See also:earl of See also:Derby as a reader and secretary, but was discharged on the 7th of See also:July for his See also:ignorance of See also:French See also:pronunciation
.
He then lodged in a See also:house in Soho frequented exclusively by Frenchmen, and took lessons in the See also:language in the See also:hope of getting back his post with the earl, but when he went to Knowsley in See also:Lancashire, the earl would not see him
.
He returned to London and opened a bookseller's See also:shop in the Royal See also:Exchange
.
In See also:April 1735 he obtained the title of See also:book-seller to the queen by recommendation of the See also:lord See also:mayor and most of the Whig aldermen
.
The post was an unremunerative See also:sinecure
.
In 1737 he finished his concordance, which, he says, was the See also:work of several years
.
It was presented to the queen on the 3rd of See also:November 1737, a fortnight before her See also:death
.
Although See also:Cruden's biblical labours have made his name a See also:household word among English-speaking See also:people, he was disappointed in his hopes of immediate profit, and his mind again became unhinged
.
In spite of his See also:earnest and self-denying piety, and his exceptional intellectual See also:powers, he See also:developed idiosyncrasies, and his See also:life was marred by a harmless but ridiculous egotism, which so nearly bordered on insanity that his See also:friends sometimes thought it necessary to have him confined
.
He paid unwelcome addresses to a widow, and was confined in a madhouse in Bethnal See also:Green
.
On his See also:release he published a pamphlet dedicated to Lord H
.
(probably See also:Harrington, secretary of See also:state) entitled The London See also:Citizen exceedingly injured, or a See also:British See also:Inquisition Displayed
.
He also published an See also:account ofhis trial, dedicated to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king
.
In See also:December 1740 he writes to See also:Sir H
.
See also:Sloane saying he has been employed since July as Latin See also:- USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)
- USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)
usher in a boarding-school at See also:Enfield
.
He then found work as a See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof-reader, and several See also:editions of See also:Greek and Latin See also:classics are said to have owed their accuracy to his care
.
He super-intended the See also:printing of one of See also:Matthew See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry's commentaries, and in 1750 printed a small Compendium of the See also:Holy Bible (an abstract of the contents of each See also:chapter), and also reprinted a larger edition of the Concordance
.
About this time he adopted the title of " See also:Alexander the Corrector," and assumed the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of correcting the morals of the nation, especially with regard to See also:- SWEARING (O. Eng. swerian, to swear, originally to speak aloud, cf. andswerian, to answer, Ger. schworen, Dan. svaerge, &c., all from root sorer-, to make a sound, cf. " swarm," properly the buzzing of bees, Lat. susurrus)
swearing and See also:Sunday observance
.
For this office he believed himself divinely See also:corn. missioned, but he petitioned See also:parliament for a formal See also:appointment in this capacity
.
In April 1755 he printed a See also:letter to the See also:speaker and other members of the House of See also:Commons, and about the same time an " Address to the King and Parliament." He was in the See also:habit of carrying a sponge, with which he effaced all See also:inscriptions which he thought contrary to See also:good morals
.
In See also:September 1753, through being involved in a See also:street brawl, he was confined in an See also:asylum in See also:Chelsea for seventeen days at the instance of his See also:sister, Mrs Wild
.
He brought an unsuccessful See also:action against his friends, and seriously proposed that they should go into confinement as an See also:atonement
.
He published an account of this second See also:restraint in " The Adventures of Alexander the Corrector." He made attempts to See also:present to the king in See also:person an account of his trial, and to obtain the See also:honour of See also:knighthood, one of his predicted honours
.
In 1754 he was nominated as See also:parliamentary See also:candidate for the See also:city of London, but did not go to the See also:poll
.
In 1755 he paid unwelcome addresses to the daughter of Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas Abney, of Newington (1640-1722), and then published his letters and the See also:history of his repulse in the third See also:part of his " Adventures." In See also:June and July 1755 he visited See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford and See also:Cambridge
.
He was treated with the respect due to his learning by officials and residents in both See also:universities, but experienced some boisterous fooling at the hands of the undergraduates
.
At Cambridge he was knighted with See also:mock ceremonies
.
There he appointed " See also:deputy correctors " to represent him in the university
.
He also visited Eton, See also:Windsor, See also:Tonbridge and See also:Westminster See also:schools, where he appointed four boys to be his deputies
.
(An Admonition to Cambridge is preserved among letters from J
.
See also:Neville of See also:Emmanuel to Dr See also:Cox Macro, in the British Museum.) The Corrector's Earnest Address to the Inhabitants of See also:Great See also:Britain, published in 1756, was occasioned by the See also:earthquake at See also:Lisbon
.
In 1762 he saved an ignorant See also:seaman, See also:Richard See also:Potter, from the gallows, and in 1763 published a pamphlet recording the history of the See also:case
.
Against See also:John Wilkes, whom he hated, he wrote a small pamphlet, and used to delete with his sponge the number 45 wherever he found it, this being the offensive number of the See also:North Briton
.
In 1769 he lectured in Aberdeen as " Corrector," and distributed copies of the See also:fourth commandment and various religious tracts
.
The wit that made his eccentricities palatable is illustrated by the See also:story of how he gave to a conceited See also:young See also:minister whose See also:appearance displeased him A See also:Mother's See also:Catechism dedicated to the young and ignorant
.
The Scripture See also:Dictionary, compiled about this time, was printed in Aberdeen in two volumes shortly after his death
.
Alexander See also:Chalmers, who in his boyhood heard Cruden lecture in Aberdeen and wrote his See also:biography, says that a verbal See also:index to See also:Milton, which accompanied the edition of Thomas See also:Newton, See also:bishop of See also:Bristol, in 1769, was Cruden's
.
The second edition of the Bible Concordance was published in 1761, and presented to the king in person on the 21st of December
.
The third appeared in 1769
.
Both contain a pleasing portrait of the author
.
He is said to have gained £800 by these two editions
.
He returned to London from Aberdeen, and died suddenly while praying in his lodgings in See also:Camden Passage, See also:Islington, on the 1st of November 1770
.
He was buried in the ground of a See also:Protestant dissenting See also:congregation in Dead See also:Man's See also:Place, See also:Southwark
.
He bequeathed a portion of his savings for a 5 bursary at Aberdeen, which preserves his name on the See also:list of benefactors of the university
.
(D
.
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