See also:

• CUBEBS (Arab. kababah)

CUBEBS (Arab. kababah)  , the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit of several See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• PEPPER
• PEPPER, WILLIAM (1843–1898)

pepper (See also:

• PIPER, CARL, COUNT (1647-1716)

Piper), belonging to the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order Piperaceae . The See also:

• CUBEBS (Arab. kababah)

cubebs of See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy are produced by Piper Cubeba, a climbing woody See also:

• SHRUB

shrub indigenous to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• BORNEO

Borneo, See also:

• SUMATRA

Sumatra, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island and See also:

• JAVA

Java . It has See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round, ash-coloured, smooth branches; lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, somewhat leathery, shining leaves, 4 to 61 in. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and 12 to 2 in. broad . Male and See also:

• FEMALE

female See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers are See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne on distinct See also:

• PLANTS

plants . The fruits are small, globose, about 1- in. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, and not so large as See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white pepper; their contracted stalk-like bases are between and a in. in length; and from See also:

• FORTY

forty to fifty of them are borne upon a See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem . The cubeb is cultivated in Java and Sumatra, the fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried . Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, usually with their stalks attached; the pericarp is greyish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown, or blackish and wrinkled; and the See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed, when See also:

• PRESENT

present, is hard, white and oily . The odour of cubebs is agreeable and aromatic; the See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste, pungent, acrid, slightly See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter and persistent . About 15% of a volatile oil is obtained by distilling cubebs with See also:

• WATER

water; after rectification with water, or on keeping, this deposits rhombic crystals of camphor of cubebs, C15H,60; cubebene, the liquid portion, has the See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula C15H24 . Cubebin, See also:

• CH2
• CH2(OH)

CH2[O1,C6H3•CH:CH•See also:

• CH2OH

CH2OH, is a crystalline substance existing in cubebs, discovered by See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene Soubeiran and Capitaine in 1839; it may be prepared from cubebene, or from the pulp See also:

• LEFT

left after the See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation of the oil . The See also:

• DRUG
• DRUG (from Fr. drogue, a word common in Romance languages, cf. Span. and Ital. droga; the origin of the word is obscure, but may possibly be connected with Dutch droog, dry)

drug, along with See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum, fatty See also:

• OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils, and malates of See also:

• MAGNESIUM [symbol Mg, atomic weight 24.32 (0 = 16)]

magnesium and See also:

• CALCIUM [symbol Ca, atomic weight 40.0 (o= x6)]

calcium, contains also about 1% of cubebic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid, and about 6% of a See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin . The dose of the fruit is 30 to 6o grains, and the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PHARMACOPOEIA (lit. the art of the OapµaK07robbs, or drug-compounder)

Pharmacopoeia contains a See also:

• TINCTURE (Fr. teinture, Lat. tinctura, tingere, to dye, stain)

tincture with a dose of 1 to 1 drachm .

The volatile oil—oleum cubebae—is also See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official, and is the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in which this drug is most commonly used, the dose being 5 to 20 minims, which may be suspended in See also:

• MUCILAGE (from Late Lat. mucilago, a mouldy juice, from mucere, to be mouldy)

mucilage or given after meals in a cachet . The drug has the typical actions of a volatile oil, but exerts some of them in an exceptional degree . Thus it is liable to cause a cutaneous .erythema in the course of its See also:

• EXCRETION (Lat. ex, out of, cernere, cretum, to separate)

excretion by the skin; it has a marked diuretic See also:

• ACTION

action; and it is a fairly efficient disinfectant of the urinary passages . Its See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration causes the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in the urine of a See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt of cubebic acid which is precipitated by See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat or nitric acid, and is therefore liable to be mistaken for See also:

• ALBUMIN, or ALBUMEN (Lat. albus, white)

albumin, when these two most common tests for the occurrence of See also:

• ALBUMINURIA (Physiological or Functional)

albuminuria are applied . Cubebs is frequently used in the form of cigarettes for See also:

• ASTHMA (Gr. avBµa, gasping, whence lio-Ogaivw, I gasp for breath)

asthma, chronic See also:

• PHARYNGITIS

pharyngitis and See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay-See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever . A small percentage of cubebs is also commonly included in lozenges designed for use in See also:

• BRONCHITIS

bronchitis, in which the antiseptic and expectoral properties of the drug are useful . But the most important therapeutic application of this drug is in gonorrhoea, where its antiseptic action is of much value . As compared with See also:

• COPAIBA, or COPAIVA (from Brazilian cupauba)

copaiba in this connexion cubebs has the advantages of being less disagreeable to take and somewhat less likely to disturb the See also:

• DIGESTIVE

digestive apparatus in prolonged administration . The introduction of the drug into See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine is supposed to have been due to the Arabian physicians in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . Cubebs were formerly candied and eaten whole, or used ground as a seasoning for See also:

• MEAT

meat . Their See also:

• MODERN

modern employment in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England as a drug See also:

• DATES

dates from 1815 . " Cubebae " were See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased in 1284 and 1285 by See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• CLARE
• CLARE, JOHN (1793-1864)
• CLARE, JOHN FITZGIBBON, 1ST EARL OF (1749-1802)

Clare at 2s .

3d. and 2s. gd. per lb respectively; and in 1307 1 lb for the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• WARDROBE

wardrobe cost 9s., a sum representing about £3, 12s. in present value (See also:

• ROGERS, HENRY DARWIN (18o8—1866)
• ROGERS, JAMES EDWIN THOROLD (1823-1890)
• ROGERS, JOHN (1627–c. 1665)
• ROGERS, JOHN (1829-1904)
• ROGERS, JOHN (c. 1500-1555)
• ROGERS, ROBERT (1727-1784?)
• ROGERS, S
• ROGERS, SAMUEL (1763-1855)
• ROGERS, WILLIAM (1819-1896)

Rogers, Hist. of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture and Prices, i . 627-628, ii . 544) . A closely allied species, Piper Clusii, produces the See also:

• AFRICAN

African cubebs or See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West African See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black-pepper, the See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

berry of which is smoother than that of common cubebs and usually has a curved pedicel . In the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was imported into See also:

• EUROPE

Europe from the See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

Grain See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast, under the name of pepper, by merchants of See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen and See also:

• LIPPE

Lippe .