CUMBERLAND  , a township of

Providence county, Rhode Island, U.S.A., in the N.E. part of the state, about 6 m . N. of Providence and having the Blackstone river for most of its W. boundary . Pop . (1890) 8090; (1900) 8925, of whom 3473 were foreign-born; (1910) 10,107; area, 27.5 sq. m . It is served by the New York, New Haven & Hartford railway . Within its borders are the villages of Cumberland Hill, Diamond Hill, Arnold Mills, Abbott Run, Berkeley, Robin Hollow, Happy Hollow, East Cumberland, and parts of Manville, Ashton, Lonsdale and Valley Falls . The surface of the township is generally hilly and rocky . In the N. part is a valuable granite quarry; and limestone, and some coal, iron and gold are also found . Cumberland has been called the " mineral pocket of New England." The Blackstone and its tributaries provide consider-able water power; and there are various manufactures, including cotton goods, silk goods, and horse-shoes and other iron ware . The value of the township's factory product in 1905 was $3,171,318, an increase of 8o•6 % since Igoo, this ratio of increase being greater than that shown by any other " municipality " in the state having a population in 19oo of 8000 or more . At Lonsdale, William Blackstone (c.1595-1675), the first permanent white settler within the present limits of Rhode Island, built his residence, " Study Hall," about 1635 . Cumberland was originally a part of Rehoboth, and then of Attleborough, Massachusetts, and for many years was called, like other sparse settlements, the Gore, or Attleborough Gore .

In 1747, by the royal

decree establishing the boundary between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Attleborough Gore, with other territory formerly under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, was annexed to Rhode Island, and the township of Cumberland was incorporated, the name being adopted in honour of William Augustus, duke of Cumberland . In 1867 a part of Cumberland was set off to form the township of Woonsocket .