See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

RICHARD See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• RICHARD CUMBERLAND (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

CUMBERLAND (1732-1811)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English dramatist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in the See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's See also:

• LODGE
• LODGE, EDMUND (1756-1839)
• LODGE, H
• LODGE, HENRY CABOT (1850– )
• LODGE, SIR OLIVER JOSEPH (1851– )
• LODGE, THOMAS (c. 1558–1625)

lodge of Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1732 . He was the See also:

• GREAT

great-See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough; and his See also:

• FATHER

father, Dr See also:

• DENISON
• DENISON, GEORGE ANTHONY (1805-1896)
• DENISON, GEORGE TAYLOR (1839- )

Denison Cumber-See also:

• LAND

land, became successively bishop of Clonfert and of Kilmore . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was See also:

• JOANNA (1479-1555)

Joanna, the youngest daughter of the great See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1662-1742)
• BENTLEY, RICHARD (1794-1871)

Bentley, and the heroine of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BYROM, JOHN (1692-1763)

Byrom's once popular little See also:

• ECLOGUE

eclogue, See also:

• COLIN, ALEXANDRE (1526-1612)

Colin and See also:

• PHOEBE

Phoebe . Of the great master of Trinity his grandson has See also:

• LEFT

left a kindly See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account; he afterwards collected all the See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets bearing on the Letters of See also:

• PHALARIS

Phalaris controversy, and piously defended the reputation of his ancestor in his See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter to Bishop See also:

• LOWTH, ROBERT (1710-1787)

Lowth, who had called Bentley See also:

• AUT

aut caprimulgus aut fossor." See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland was in his seventh See also:

• YEAR

year sent to the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar-school at See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St See also:

• EDMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN (1828– )

Edmunds, and he relates how, on the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-master See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur Kinsman undertaking, in conversation with Bentley, to make the grandson as See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good a scholar as the grandfather himself, the latter retorted: " Pshaw, Arthur, how can that be, when I have forgot more than See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou ever knewest?" Bentley died during his grandson's Bury school-days; and in 1744 the boy, who, while rising to the head of his school, had already begun to " try his strength in several slight attempts towards the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama," was removed to See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, then at the height of its reputation under Dr Nicholls . Among his schoolfellows here were See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• COLMAN, GEORGE (1732–1794)
• COLMAN, SAINT (d. 676)
• COLMAN, SAMUEL (1832– )

Colman (the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder), See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd, and (though he does not mention them as such) See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill and See also:

• COWPER, WILLIAM (1731-1800)
• COWPER, WILLIAM COWPER, 1ST EARL (c. 1665-1723)

Cowper . From Westminster Cumberland passed, in his fourteenth year, to Trinity College, Cambridge, where in 1750 he took his degree as tenth wrangler . His account of his degree examination, as well as that for a fellowship at his college, See also:

• PART

part of which he underwent in the " See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges' chamber," where he was born, is curious; he was by virtue of an alteration in the statutes elected to his fellowship in the second year of his degree . Meanwhile his projects of See also:

• WORK

work as a classical scholar had been interspersed with attempts at imitating See also:

• SPENSER, EDMUND (c. 1552-1599)
• SPENSER, JOHN (1559-1614)

Spenser—whom, by his mother's See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice, he " laid upon the shelf "—and a dramatic effort (unprinted) on the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

Mason's Elfrida, called See also:

• CARACTACUS

Caractacus . He had just begun to read for his fellowship, when he was offered the See also:

• POST

post of private secretary by the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• HALIFAX
• HALIFAX, CHARLES MONTAGUE, EARL OF (1661–1715)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE MONTAGU DUNK, 2ND EARL OF (1716-1771)
• HALIFAX, GEORGE SAVILE, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1633-1695)

Halifax, first See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade and plantations in the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle's See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry . His See also:

• FAMILY

family persuaded him to accept the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, to which he returned after his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election as See also:

• FELLOW

fellow . It left him abundant leisure for See also:

• LITERARY

literary pursuits, which included: the See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of a poem in See also:

• BLANK (from the Fr. blanc, white)

blank See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse on See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . He resigned his Trinity fellowship on his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage—in 1759—to his See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

Ridge, to whom he had paid his addresses on receiving through Lord Halifax " a small See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment as See also:

• CROWN

crown-See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent for Nova See also:

• SCOTIA (Gr. o'Karca, shadow or darkness)

Scotia." In 1761 he accompanied his See also:

• PATRON

patron (who had been appointed lord-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant) to See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland as See also:

• ULSTER
• ULSTER, EARLS OF

Ulster secretary; and in See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of his services was afterwards offered a baronetcy .

By declining this he thinks he gave offence; at all events,, when in 1762 Halifax became secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, Cumber-land in vain applied for the post of under-secretary, and could only obtain the clerkship of reports at the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board of Trade under Lord Hillsborough . While he takes some See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit to himself for his incorruptibility when in Ireland, he showed zeal for his friend and secured a bishopric for his father . On the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to office of Lord George Germaine (See also:

• SACKVILLE, GEORGE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1716-1785)
• SACKVILLE, MORTIMER

Sackville) in 1775, Cumberland was appointed secretary to the Board of Trade and Plantations, which post he held, till the abolition of that board in 1782 by See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

Burke's economical reform . Before this event he had, in 178o, been sent on a confidential See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, to negotiate aseparate treaty of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with that See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power; but though he was well received by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles III. and his See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister See also:

• FLORIDABLANCA, DON JOSE MORINO Y REDONDO, COUNT OF (1728-1808)

Floridablanca, the question of See also:

• GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar proved a stumbling-See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block, and the See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon riots at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home a most untoward occurrence . He was recalled in 1781, and was refused repayment of the expenses he had incurred, towards which only £r000 had been advanced to him . He thus found himself 4500 out of See also:

• POCKET

pocket: in vain, he says, " I wearied the See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of Lord See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North till his very servants drove me from it "; his memorial remained unread or unnoticed either by the See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime minister or by secretary See also:

• ROBINSON, EDWARD (1794–1863)
• ROBINSON, HENRY CRABB (1777–1867)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1575–1625)
• ROBINSON, JOHN (1650-1723)
• ROBINSON, JOHN THOMAS ROMNEY (1792–1882)
• ROBINSON, MARY [" Perdita "] (1758–1800)
• ROBINSON, SIR JOHN BEVERLEY, BART
• ROBINSON, SIR JOSEPH BENJAMIN (1845– )
• ROBINSON, THEODORE (1852-1896)

Robinson, through whom the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original promise had been made . Soon after this experience he lost his office, and had to retire on a See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance of less than See also:

• HALF

half-pay . He now took up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Tunbridge See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells; but during his last years he mostly lived in See also:

• LONDON

London, where he died on the 7th of May 1811 . He was buried in Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey, a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short oration being pronounced on this occasion by his friend See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

Dean See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent . Cumberland's numerous literary productions are spread over the whole of his See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LIFE

life; but it is only by his contributions to the drama, and perhaps by his See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, that he is likely to be remembered . The collection of essays and other pieces entitled The Observer (1785), afterwards republished together with a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of The Clouds, found a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among The See also:

• BRITISH

British Essayists . For the accounts given in The Observer of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek writers, especially the comic poets, Cumberland availed himself of Bentley's See also:

• MSS

MSS. and annotated books in his See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession; his See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations from the Greek fragments, which are not in-elegant but lack closeness, are republished in See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• BAILEY (said to be a corruption of Ballium by some, and derived by others from the Fr. baille, a corruption of bataille, because there the soldiers were drilled in battle array)
• BAILEY, NATHAN
• BAILEY, PHILIP JAMES (1816-1902)
• BAILEY, SAMUEL (1791-1870)

Bailey's Comicorum Graecorum (part i., 1840) and Hermesianactis, Archilochi, et Pratinae fragmenta .

Cumberland further produced Anecdotes of Eminent Painters i"n Spain (1782 and 1787); a See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue of the King of Spain's Paintings (1787); two novels—See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel (1789), a See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story in letters, and See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry (1795), a " diluted See also:

• COMEDY

comedy" on the construction and polishing of which he seems to have expended great care; a religious epic, See also:

• CALVARY

Calvary, or the See also:

• DEATH

Death of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ (1792); his last publication was a poem entitled Retrospection . He is also supposed to have joined See also:

• SIR

Sir James Bland See also:

• BURGES, GEORGE (1786-1864)

Burges in an epic, the Exodiad (1807), and in John de See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, a novel . Besides these he wrote the Letter to the Bishop of O[xfor]d in vindication of Bentley (1767); another to the Bishop of See also:

• LLANDAFF

Llandaff (Richard See also:

• WATSON, RICHARD (1737-1816)
• WATSON, THOMAS (c. 1557–1592)
• WATSON, WILLIAM (1858- )
• WATSON, WILLIAM (c. 1559-1603)

Watson) on his proposal for equalizing the revenues of the Established See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church (1783); a See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

Character of the See also:

• LATE

late Lord Sackville (1785), whom in his Memoirs he vindicates from the stigma of cowardice; and an See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous pamphlet, See also:

• CURTIUS, ERNST (1814-1896)
• CURTIUS, MARCUS

Curtius rescued from the Gulf, against the redoubtable Dr See also:

• PARR
• PARR, CATHERINE (1512-1548)
• PARR, SAMUEL (1747-1825)
• PARR, THOMAS (c. 1483—1635)

Parr . He was also the author of a version of fifty of the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David; of a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract on the evidences of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity; and of other religious exercises in See also:

• PROSE

prose and verse, the former including " as many sermons as would make a large See also:

• VOLUME

volume, some of which have been delivered from the pulpits." Lastly, he edited, in 1809, a short-lived See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal called The London See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, intended to be a See also:

• RIVAL

rival to the Quarterly, with signed articles . Cumberland's Memoirs, which he began at the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1804, and concluded in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 18o5, were published in 18o6, and a supplement was added in 1807 . This narrative, which includes a long account of his See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish mission, contains some interesting reminiscences of several persons of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note—more especially Bubb Dodington, Single-Speech See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, and Lord George Sackville among politicians, and of See also:

• GARRICK, DAVID (1717-1779)

Garrick, See also:

• FOOTE
• FOOTE, ANDREW HULL (1806-1863)
• FOOTE, SAMUEL (1720-1777)

Foote and See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

Goldsmith; but the accuracy of some of the anecdotes concerning the last-named is not beyond suspicion . The See also:

• BOOK

book exhibits its author as an amiable egotist, careful of his own reputation, given to prolixity and undistinguished by wit, but a good observer of men and See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners . The uneasy self-absorption which See also:

• SHERIDAN
• SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY (1831-1888)

Sheridan immortalized in the character of Sir Fretful Plagiary in The Critic is apparent enough in this autobiography, but presents itself there in no offensive See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . The incidental criticisms of actors have been justly praised . Cumberland was hardly warranted in the conjecture that no English author had yet equalled his See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of dramas in point of number; but his plays, published and unpublished, have been computed to amount to fifty-four . About 35 of these are See also:

• REGULAR

regular plays, to which have been added 4 operas and a See also:

• FARCE

farce; and about half of the whole list are comedies . ' The best known of them belong to what he was pleased to See also:

• TERM

term " legitimate comedy," and to that See also:

• SPECIES

species of it known as sentimental." The essential characteristic of these plays is the See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of plots of domestic See also:

• INTEREST

interest with the rhetorical enforcement of moral precepts, and with such small comic See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour as the author possesses .

These comedies are primarily, to See also:

• BORROW, GEORGE HENRY (18o3-1881)

borrow Cumber-land's own phraseology, designed as " attempts upon the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart." He takes great credit to himself for See also:

• WEAVING

weaving his plays out of homely stuff, right British drugget,'' and for eschewing " the vile refuse4f the Gallic See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage "; on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, he borrowed from the sentimental fiction of his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, including See also:

• RICHARDSON, GEORGE
• RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON (1838-1886)
• RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761)
• RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN (1787-1865)

Richardson, See also:

• FIELDING, ANTHONY VANDYKE COPLEY (1787-1855)
• FIELDING, HENRY (1707-1754)
• FIELDING, WILLIAM STEVENS (1848– )

Fielding and See also:

• STERNE, LAURENCE (1713-1768)
• STERNE, RICHARD (c. 15gb-1683)

Sterne . The favourite theme of his plays is virtue in See also:

• DISTRESS

distress or danger, but safe of its See also:

• REWARD

reward in the fifth See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act; their most See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant characters are men of feeling and See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young ladies who are either prudes or coquettes . Cumber-land's comic power—such as it was—See also:

• LAY

lay in the invention of comic characters taken from the " outskirts of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire," and professedly intended to vindicate from English See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice the good elements in the Scotch, the Irish and the colonial character . For the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, patriotic sentiment liberally asserts itself by the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general morality . If Cumberland's See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue lacks brilliance and his characters reality, the construction of the plots is as a See also:

• RULE

rule, skilful, and the situations are contrived with what Cumberland indisputably possessed—a thorough insight into the secrets of theatrical effect . It should be added that, though Cumberland's sentimentality is often wearisome, his morality is generally See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound; that if he was without the See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius requisite for elevating the See also:

• NATIONAL

national drama, he did his best to keep it pure and sweet; and that if he borrowed much, as he undoubtedly did, it was not the vicious attractions of other dramatists of which he was the plagiary . His debut as a dramatic author was made with a tragedy, The Banishment of See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, published in 1761 after its rejection by Garrick; this was followed in 1765 by a musical drama, The Summer's See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

Tale, subsequently compressed into an afterpiece Amelia (1768) . Cumberland first essayed sentimental comedy in The See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

Brothers (1769) . The theme of this comedy is inspired by Fielding's Tom See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones; its comic characters are the See also:

• JOLLY (from O. Fr. jolif; Fr. joli, the French word is obscure in origin; it may be from late Lat. gaudivus, from gaudere, to rejoice, the change of d to 1 being paralleled by cigada and cigale, or from O. Norse jol, Eng. " yule," the northern festival of

jolly old See also:

• TAR

tar See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• IRONSIDES

Ironsides, and the henpecked See also:

• HUSBAND

husband Sir See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

Dove, whose progress to self-assertion is genuinely comic, though not altogether original . See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole said that it acted well, but read See also:

• ILL

ill, though he could distinguish in it " strokes of Mr Bentley." The See also:

• EPILOGUE

epilogue paid a compliment to Garrick, who helped the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of Cumberland's second comedy The See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West-See also:

• INDIAN

Indian (1771) . The See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of this comedy, which probably owes much to the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion of Garrick, is a young scapegrace fresh from the tropics, " with See also:

• RUM
• RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)

rum and See also:

• SUGAR

sugar enough belonging to him to make all the See also:

• WATER

water in the See also:

• THAMES

Thames into See also:

• PUNCH

punch,"—a libertine with generous instincts, which in the end prevail . This See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early example of the See also:

• MODERN

modern drame was received with the utmost favour; it was afterwards translated into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by Boden, and See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe acted in it at the See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court .

The Fashionable See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

Lover (1772) is a sentimental comedy of the most pronounced type . The Choleric See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man (1774), founded on the Adelphi of See also:

• TERENCE

Terence, is of a similar type, the comic See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element rather predominating, but philanthropy being duly represented by a virtuous lawyer called Manlove . Among his later comedies may be mentioned The Natural Son (1785), in which See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major O'Flaherty who had already figured in The West-Indian, makes his reappearance; The Impostors (1789), a comedy of intrigue; The See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

Box See also:

• LOBBY

Lobby See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

Challenge (1794), a protracted farce; The See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew (1794), a serious See also:

• PLAY

play, highly effective when the character of Sheva was played by the great German actor Theodor D8ring; The See also:

• WHEEL (0. Eng. hweol, hweohl, &c., cognate with Icel. hjol, Dan. hiul, the Indo-European root is seen in Sanskrit chakra, Gr. r in Aos, circle, whence " cycle ")
• WHEEL, BREAKING ON THE

Wheel of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

Fortune (1795), in which John See also:

• KEMBLE
• KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL (1807-1857)

Kemble found a celebrated part in the misanthropist Penruddock, who cannot forget but learns to forgive (a character declared by See also:

• KOTZEBUE, AUGUST FRIEDRICH FERDINAND VON (1761–1819)
• KOTZEBUE, OTTO VON (1787–1846)

Kotzebue to have been stolen from his Menschenhass and Reue), while the lawyer See also:

• TIMOTHY
• TIMOTHY, FIRST EPISTLE TO
• TIMOTHY, SECOND EPISTLE TO

Timothy See also:

• WEASEL (Putorius nivalis)

Weasel was made comic by Richard Suett; First Love (1795); The Last of the Family (1795); False Impressions (1797) ; The Sailor's Daughter (1804); and -a Hint to Husbands (1806), which, unlike the, rest, is in blank verse . The other See also:

• WORKS

works printed during his lifetime include The Note of Hand (1774), a farce; the songs of his musical comedy, The Widow of See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi (1780); his tragedies of The See also:

• BATTLE

Battle of Hastings (1778); and The Carmelite (1784), a romantic domestic drama in blank verse, in the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of Home's See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas, furnishing some effective scenes for Mrs See also:

• SIDDONS, SARAH (1755-1831)

Siddons and John Kemble as mother and son; and the domestic drama (in prose) of The Mysterious Husband (1783) . His posthumously printed plays (published in 2 vols. in 1813) include the comedies of The See also:

• WALLOONS (Wallons, from a common Teut. word meaning " foreign," cf. Ger. Welsch, Du. waalsch, Eng. Welsh)

Walloons (acted in 1782); The Passive Husband (acted as A Word for Nature, 1798); The See also:

• ECCENTRIC (from Gr. F,c, out of, and Kivrpov, centre)

Eccentric Lover (acted 1798); and Lovers' Resolutions (once acted in 1802); the serious quasi-historic drama See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession; the drama See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Pedro (acted 1796); and the tragedies of Alcanor (acted as The Arab, 1785); Torrendal; The Sibyl, or The Elder See also:

• BRUTUS (originally an adjective meaning " heavy," "stupid," kindred with Gr. aap(s, cf. Eng. " brute," " brutal")

Brutus (afterwards amalgamated with other plays on the subject into a very successful tragedy for See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund See also:

• KEAN, EDMUND (1787–1833)

Kean by See also:

• PAYNE, PETER (c. 138o-1455)

Payne); Tiberius in Capreae; and The False See also:

• DEMETRIUS

Demetrius (on a theme which attracted See also:

• SCHILLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON (1759-18o5)

Schiller) . Cumberland translated the Clouds of See also:

• ARISTOPHANES
• ARISTOPHANES (c. 448–385 B.e.1)

Aristophanes (1797), and altered for the stage See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare's See also:

• TIMON
• TIMON (c. 320-230)

Timon of See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens (1771), See also:

• MASSINGER, PHILIP (1583-1640)

Massinger's The Bondman and The Duke of See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan (both 1779) . In 1806–1807 appeared Memoirs of R . Cumberland, written by himself . Cumberland's novel, Henry, was printed in Ballantyne's Novelists' Library (1821), with a prefatory See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the author by Sir See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott . A so-called Critical Examination of Cumberland's works and a memoir of the author based on his autobiography, with the addition of some more or less feeble criticisms, by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Madford, appeared in 1812, An excellent account of Cumberland is included in " George Paston's " Little Memoirs of the Eighteenth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century (1901) . ' See also:

• HETTNER, HERMANN THEODOR (1821-1882)

Hettner well characterizes Cumberland's position in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the English drama in Litteraturgesch. d . 18 .

Jahr hunderts (2nded., 1865), i . 52o . Cumberland's portrait by See also:

• ROMNEY (NEw ROMNEY)
• ROMNEY, GEORGE (1734-1802)
• ROMNEY, HENRY SIDNEY, EARL OF (1641-1704)

Romney (whose See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent he was one of the first to encourage) is in the Nationale . Portrait See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

Gallery . (A . W .