See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

AUGUSTUS See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• WILLIAM AUGUSTUS CUMBERLAND

CUMBERLAND  , DuxE of (1721-1765), son of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George II. and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 15th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1721, and when five years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age was created See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CUMBERLAND
• CUMBERLAND, DUKES AND EARLS OF
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1632-1718)
• CUMBERLAND, RICHARD (1732-1811)
• CUMBERLAND, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Cumberland . His See also:

• EDUCATION

education was well attended to, and his courage and capacity in outdoor exercises were notable from his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years . He was intended by the king and queen for the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord -high See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral, and in 1740 he sailed as a volunteer in the See also:

• FLEET

fleet under the command of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• NORRIS
• NORRIS, FRANK (1870—1902)
• NORRIS, HENRY NORRIS
• NORRIS, JOHN (1657-1711)
• NORRIS, SIR JOHN (c. 1547-1597)
• NORRIS, WILLIAM EDWARD (1847– )

Norris; but he quickly became dissatisfied with the See also:

• NAVY

navy, and early in 1742 he began a military career . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1742 he was. made a See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he first saw active service in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . George II. and the " See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial boy " shared in the See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory of See also:

• DETTINGEN

Dettingen (See also:

• JUNE

June 27), and Cumberland, who was wounded in the See also:

• ACTION

action, displayed an See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and valour; the See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report of which in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England founded his military popularity After the See also:

• BATTLE

battle he was made See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-general . In 1745, having been made See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain-general of the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• LAND

land forces at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home and in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, the duke was again in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders as See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-inchief of the allied British, Hanoverian, See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian and Dutch troops . Advancing to the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of Tournay, which was besieged. by See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe, he engaged that See also:

• GREAT

great general in the battle of See also:

• FONTENOY

Fontenoy (q v.) on the 1 rth of May . It cannot now be doubted that, had the duke been supported by the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies in his marvellously courageous attack on the See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior positions of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, Fontenoy would not have been recorded as a defeat to the British arms . He himself. was in the midst of the heroic See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column which penetrated the French centre, and his conduct of the inevitable See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat was unusually cool and skilful . Notwithstanding the severity of his discipline, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young duke had the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to inspire his men with a strong See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to his See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person and a very lively esprit de See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps . As a general his courage and See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution were not sufficiently tempered with. sagacity and tact; but he displayed an energy and power in military affairs which pointed him out to the British See also:

• PEOPLE

people as the. one commander upon whom they could rely to put a decisive stop to the successful career of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• EDWARD

Edward in the See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, of 1745–1746 . John (See also:

• EARL

Earl) See also:

• LIGONIER, JOHN (JEAN Louts) LIGONIER, EARL (168o--1770)

Ligonier wrote of him at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time: " Ou je suis fort trompe ou it se forme la un See also:

• GRAND

grand capitaine," He was recalled from Flanders, and immediately proceeded with his preparations for quelling the insurrection .

He joined the midland army under Sir John Ligonier, and was at once in pursuit of his See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

swift-footed foe . But the retreat of Charles Edward from See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby disconcerted his plans; and it was not till they had reached See also:

• PENRITH

Penrith, and the advanced portion of his army had been repulsed on See also:

• CLIFTON

Clifton See also:

• MOOR

Moor, that he became aware how hopeless an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to overtake the retreating Highlanders would then be . See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle having been retaken, he retired to See also:

• LONDON

London, till the See also:

• NEWS

news of the defeat of See also:

• HAWLEY, HENRY (c. 1679-1759)
• HAWLEY, JOSEPH ROSWELL (1826-1905)

Hawley at See also:

• FALKIRK

Falkirk roused again the fears of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English people, and centred the hopes of See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain on the royal duke . He was appointed commander of the forces in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . Having arrived in See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh on the 3oth of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1746, he at once proceeded in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of the young Pretender . He diverged, however, to See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen, where he employed his time in training the well-equipped forces now under his command for the See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar nature of the warfare in which they were about to engage . What the old and experienced generals of his time had failed to accomplish or even to understand, the young duke of Cumberland, as yet only twenty-four years of age, effected with simplicity and ease . He prepared to dispose his army so as to withstand with firmness that onslaught on which all Highland successes depended; and he reorganized the forces and restored their discipline and self-confidence in a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks . On the 8th of April 1946 he set out from Aberdeen towards See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness, and on the 15th he fought the decisive battle of See also:

• CULLODEN

Culloden, in which, and in the pursuit which followed, the forces of the Pretender were completely destroyed . He had become convinced that the sternest See also:

• MEASURES

measures were needed to break down the Jacobitism of the Highlanders . He told his troops to take See also:

• NOTICE

notice that the enemy's orders were to give no See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter to the " troops of the elector," and they took the hint . No trace of such orders remains (see See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

MURRAY, LORD GEORGE), and it is probable that Cumberland had merely received word of See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild talk in the enemy's See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp, which he credited the more easily as he thought that those who were capable of rebellion were cap-able of any See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime .

On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the merciless severity with which the fugitives were treated, Cumberland received the See also:

• NICKNAME

nickname of the " See also:

• BUTCHER

Butcher." That the implied taunt was unjust need not be laboured . It was used for See also:

• POLITICAL

political purposes in England, and his own See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, encouraged, it appears, the virulent attacks which were made upon the duke . In any See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case there is a marked similarity between Cumberland's conduct in Scotland and that of See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . Both dared to do acts which they knew would be See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast against them for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of their lives, and terrorized an obstinate and unyielding enemy into submission . How real was the danger of a protracted See also:

• GUERRILLA (erroneously written " guerilla," being the diminutive of the Span. guerra, war)

guerrilla warfare in the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

Highlands may be judged from the explicit declarations of Jacobite leaders that they intended to continue the struggle . As it was, the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war came to an end almost at once . Here, as always, Cumberland preserved the strictest discipline in his camp . He was inflexible in the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of what he deemed to be his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty, without favour to any See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . At the same time he exercised his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in favour of clemency in See also:

• SPECIAL

special cases that were brought to his notice . Some years later See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WOLFE, CHARLES (1791-1823)
• WOLFE, JAMES (1727-1759)

Wolfe spoke of the duke as " for ever doing See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble and generous actions." The relief occasioned to Britain by the duke's victorious efforts was acknowledged by his being voted an income of £40,000 per annum in addition to his See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue as a prince of the royal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house . The duke took no See also:

• PART

part in the Flanders See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1746, but in 1747 he again opposed the still victorious Marshal Saxe; and received a heavy defeat at the battle of Lauffeld, or Val, near Maestricht (2nd of See also:

• JULY

July 1747) . During the ten years of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace Cumberland occupied himself chiefly with his duties as captain-general, and the result of his See also:

• WORK

work was clearly shown in the conduct of the army in the Seven Years' War .

His unpopularity, which had steadily increased since Culloden, interfered greatly with his success in politics, and when the See also:

• DEATH

death of the prince of Wales brought a See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor next in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to the See also:

• THRONE

throne the duke was not able to secure for himself the contingentregency, which was vested in the princess-See also:

• DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager of Wales . In 1757, the Seven Years' War having broken out, Cumberland was placed at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley army of allies to defend See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover . At Hastenbeck, near See also:

• HAMELN

Hameln, on the 26th of July 1757, he was defeated by the superior forces of D'See also:

• ESTREES, GABRIELLE

Estrees (see SEVEN YEARS' WAR) . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September of the same year his defeat had almost become disgrace . Driven from point to point, and at last hemmed in by the French under See also:

• RICHELIEU, ARMAND EMMANUEL SOPHIE SEPTEMANIE DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS
• RICHELIEU, LOUIS FRANCOIS ARMAND DU PLESSIS

Richelieu, he capitulated at Klosterzeven on the 8th of the See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, agreeing to disband his army and to evacuate Hanover . His disgrace was completed on his return to England by the king's refusal to be See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound by the terms of the duke's agreement . In chagrin and disappointment he retired into private See also:

• LIFE

life, after having formally resigned the public offices he held . In his retirement he made no attempt to justify his conduct, applying in his own case the discipline he had enforced in others . For a few years he lived quietly at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor, and subsequently in London, taking but little part in politics . He did much, however, to displace the See also:

• BUTE
• BUTE, JOHN STUART, 3RD EARL OF (1713-1792)

Bute See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry and that of See also:

• GRENVILLE (or GRANVILLE), SIR RICHARD (r600-1658)
• GRENVILLE (or GREYNVILE), SIR RICHARD (c. 1541-1591)
• GRENVILLE, GEORGE (1712-1770)
• GRENVILLE, SIR BEVIL (1596-1643)
• GRENVILLE, WILLIAM WYNDHAM GRENVILLE, BARON (1759-1834)

Grenville, and endeavoured to restore See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt to office . Public See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion had now set in his favour, and he became almost as popular as he had been in his youth . Shortly before his death the duke was requested to open negotiations with Pitt for a return to power .

This was, however, unsuccessful . On the 31st of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1765 the duke died . A Life of the. duke of Cumberland by See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• HENDERSON
• HENDERSON, ALEXANDER (1583-1646)
• HENDERSON, EBENEZER (1784-1858)
• HENDERSON, GEORGE FRANCIS ROBERT (1854-1903)
• HENDERSON, JOHN (1747-1785)

Henderson was published in 1766, and See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous (See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Rolt) See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs appeared in 1767 . See especially A . N . See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell Maclachlan, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1876) .