See also:

• CURLEW (Fr. Courlis or Corlieu)

CURLEW (Fr. Courlis or Corlieu)  , a name given to two birds, of whose cry it is an See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation, both belonging to the See also:

• GROUP

group Limicolae, but possessing very different habits and features . 1 . The See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-billed See also:

• CURLEW (Fr. Courlis or Corlieu)

curlew, or simply curlew of most See also:

• BRITISH

British writers, the See also:

• NUMENIUS

Numenius arquata of ornithologists, is one of the largest of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Scolopacidae, or snipes and allied forms, It is See also:

• COMMON

common on the shores of the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom and most parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, seeking the heaths and See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

moors of the interior and more See also:

• NORTHERN

northern countries in the breeding-See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, where it See also:

• LAYS

lays its four brownish-See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green eggs, suffused with See also:

• CINNAMON

cinnamon markings, in an artless See also:

• NEST

nest on the ground . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England it has been ascertained to breed in See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall and in the counties of See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon, See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset, Salop, and See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby—though sparingly . In See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York-See also:

• SHIRE

shire it is more numerous, and thence to the extreme See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, as well as throughout See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, it is, under the name of whaup, See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to those who have occasion to See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild and desolate tracts that best suit its habits . So soon as the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young are able to shift for themselves, both they and their parents resort to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• SHORE

shore or mouths of See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, from the muddy flats of which they at See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide obtain their living, and, though almost beyond any other birds wary of approach, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form an See also:

• OBJECT

object of pursuit to numerous gunners . While leading this littoral See also:

• LIFE

life the See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food of the curlew seems to consist of almost anything edible that presents itself . It industriously probes the mud or See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand in quest of the See also:

• WORMS

worms that lurk therein, and is also active in seeking for such crustaceans and molluscs as can be picked up on the See also:

• SURFACE

surface, while See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable See also:

• MATTER

matter as well has been found in its See also:

• STOMACH (Gr. vrbsaxos from arbga, a mouth)

stomach . During its summer-sojourn on the moorlands See also:

• INSECTS

insects and berries, when they are ripe, enter largely into its See also:

• DIET

diet . In bulk the curlew is not less than a See also:

• CROW (Dutch, kraal, Ger. Krdhe, Fr. corbeau, Lat. corvus)

crow, but it looks larger still from its long legs, wings and See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck . Its See also:

• BILL

bill, from 5 to 7 in. in length, and terminating in the delicate See also:

• NERVOUS

nervous apparatus common to all birds of its family, is especially its most remark-able feature . Its plumage above is of a drab See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, streaked and mottled with very dark See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown; beneath it is See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, while the See also:

• FLIGHT

flight-quills are of a brownish See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black .

Nearly allied to the curlew, but smaller and with a more northern range, is the whimbrel (N. phaeopus), called in some parts See also:

• JACK

jack-curlew, from its small See also:

• SIZE

size; May-See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl, from the See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month in which it usually arrives; and titterel, from one of its cries.' This so much resembles the former in See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit and See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance that no further details need be given of it . In the countries bordering on the Mediterranean occurs a third See also:

• SPECIES

species (N. tenuirostris) . Some fifteen other species, or more, have been described, but it is probable that this number is too See also:

• GREAT

great . The genus Numenius is almost See also:

• COSMOPOLITAN (Gr. Kbvµos, world, and IroXirgs, citizen)

cosmopolitan . In North See also:

• AMERICA

America three very easily recognized species are found—the first (N. longirostris) closely agreeing with the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European curlew, but larger and with a longer bill; the second (N. hudsonicus) representing the British whimbrel; and the third (N . .borealis), which has several times found its way to See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, very much less in size—indeed the smallest of the genus . All these essentially agree with the species of the Old See also:

• WORLD

World in habit; but it is remarkable that the See also:

• AMERICAN

American birds can be easily distinguished by the rufous colouring of their axillary feathers—a feature which is also presented by the American godwits (Limosa) . 2 . The curlew of inlanders, or See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone-curlew—called also, by some writers, from its stronghold in England, the See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk See also:

• PLOVER

plover, and sometimes the thick-See also:

• KNEE (O. E. cneow, a word common to Indo-European languages, cf. Ger. Knie, Fr. genou, Span. hinojo, Lat. genu, Gr. ybvv, Sansk. janu)

knee—is usually classed among the Charadriidae, but it offers several remarkable See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences from the more normal plovers . It is the Charadrius oedicnemus of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus, the C. scolopax of Sam . Gottl . See also:

• GMELIN

Gmelin, and the Oedicnemus crepitans of K .

J . Temminck . With much the same cry as that of the Numenii, only uttered in a far sweeter See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone, it is as fully entitled to the name of curlew as the See also:

• BIRD

bird most commonly so called . In England it is almost solely a summer visitor, though an example will occasionally linger throughout a mild See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter; and is one of the few birds whose See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution is affected by See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological formation, since it is nearly limited to the chalkcountry—the open spaces of which it haunts, and its See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers have of See also:

• LATE

late years been sensibly diminished by their See also:

• INCLOSURE, or ENCLOSURE

inclosure . The most barren spots in these districts, even where but a superficial coating of See also:

• LIGHT

light sand and a thin growth of See also:

• TURF

turf scarcely hide the See also:

• CHALK

chalk below, See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply its needs; though at See also:

• NIGHT

night (and it chiefly feeds by night) it resorts to moister and more fertile places . Its food consists of snails, coleopterous insects, and See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth-worms, but larger See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey, as a See also:

• MOUSE

mouse or a See also:

• FROG

frog, is not rejected . Without making the slightest See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at a nest, it lays its two eggs on a level spot, a See also:

• BARE

bare See also:

• FALLOW

fallow being often chosen . These are not very large, and in colour so closely resemble the sandy, See also:

• FLINT
• FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-1886)
• FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)
• FLINT, ROBERT (1838- )
• FLINT, TIMOTHY (1780-1840)

flint-strewn surface that their detection except by a practised See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye is difficult . The bird, too, See also:

• TRUSTS

trusts much to its own drab colouring to elude observation, and, on being disturbed, will frequently run for a considerable distance and then squat with outstretched neck so as to become almost invisible . In such a See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case it may be closely approached, and its large See also:

• GOLDEN

golden eye, if it do not pass for a tuft of yellow See also:

• LICHEN (lichen ruber)

lichen, is perhaps the first thing that strikes the searcher . As autumn advances the stone-curlew gathers in large flocks, and then is as wary as its namesake . Towards See also:

• OCTOBER

October these take their departure, and their survivors return, often with wonderful constancy, to their beloved haunts .

In size this species exceeds any other European plover, and looks even still larger than it is . The bill is See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, See also:

• BLUNT, JOHN HENRY (1823–1884)
• BLUNT, JOHN JAMES (1794–1855)
• BLUNT, WILFRID SCAWEN (184o— )

blunt, and stout; the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head large, broad, and See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top; the wings and legs long—the latter presenting the peculiarity of a singular enlargement of the upper See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• TARSUS (mod. Tersous)

tarsus, whence the names Oedicnemus and Thick-knee have been conferred . The toes are short and fleshy, and the See also:

• HIND

hind-toe is wanting . This bird seems to have been an especial favourite with See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert White, in whose classical writings mention of it is often made . Its range extends to North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . Five other species of Oedicnemus from Africa ' The name spowe (cf . Icelandic Sp6i) also seems-to have been anciently given to this bird (see See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson's Birds of Norfolk, 11 . 201) . B.-See also:

• CURLING
• CURLING, THOMAS BLIZARD (1811-1888)

CURLING 645 have also been described as distinct . See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia possesses a very distinct species (0. grallarius), and the genus has two members in the Neotropical Region (0. bistriatus and 0. superciliaris) . An exaggerated form of Oedicnemus is found in Aesacus, of which two species have been described, one (A. recurvirostris)from the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian, and the other (A. magnirostris) from the northern parts of the Australian region . (A .