See also:

• CYRIL (376-444)
• CYRIL (827-869)
• CYRIL (c. 315–386)

CYRIL (376-444)  , See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria, a more distinguished See also:

• FATHER

father of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church than his namesake of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 376, and died in 444 . Becoming See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch of Alexandria about 412, he soon made himself known by the violence of his zeal against See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, pagans and heretics or supposed heretics alike . He had hardly entered upon his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office when he closed all the churches of the Novatians and seized their ecclesiastical effects . He assailed the Jewish synagogues with an armed force, drove the Jews in thousands from the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, and exposed their houses and See also:

• PROPERTY

property to pillage . The See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, See also:

• ORESTES

Orestes, who endeavoured to withstand his furious zeal, was in turn denounced himself, and had difficulty in maintaining his ground against the fury of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian multitude . It was during one of the violent commotions kindled by the strifes of these parties in Alexandria that the illustrious See also:

• HYPATIA ('Tiraria) (c. A.D. 370–415)

Hypatia, famed for her beauty and her eloquent advocacy of the Neo-Platonic See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy in opposition to See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, was murdered . Her See also:

• MURDER

murder has been attributed to the See also:

• DIRECT

direct instigation of the patriarch himself; but this See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge is held to be baseless by others, although there can be no doubt that " the perpetrators were See also:

• OFFICERS

officers of his church," and undoubtedly See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew encouragement from his own violent proceedings . Hypatia was a friend of Orestes, and the hostility that existed betwixt the prefect and the patriarch overflowed towards her, and undoubtedly led to her destruction . But See also:

• CYRIL (376-444)
• CYRIL (827-869)
• CYRIL (c. 315–386)

Cyril's violence was not merely confined to those who might be considered enemies of the church . He inherited from See also:

• THEOPHILUS

Theophilus, his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle and predecessor in the see of Alexandria, a strong aversion to See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CHRYSOSTOM

Chrysostom, the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble bishop of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople, and even after his See also:

• DEATH

death opposed for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time all attempts to remove the unjust See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of condemnation which had been passed upon him . Afterwards he so far yielded to remonstrances as to allow the name of Chrysostom to appear in the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of distinguished martyrs and bishops mentioned in the prayers of his church . These names were inserted in what were called " diptychs " (bir rnxa veKpwv), or two-leaved tablets preserved in the churches—a usage which the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek Church has continued to this See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day .

Cyril thus represents—though he differs largely from his predecessors—the tendencies dominant at Alexandria in the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and their antagonism to the Antiochene school . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of his opposition to See also:

• NESTORIUS (d. c. 451)

Nestorius at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• EPHESUS
• EPHESUS, COUNCIL OF

Ephesus in 431 is told elsewhere (see NESTORIUS) . He himself incurred the charge of See also:

• HERESY

heresy from the See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental bishops . Satisfied, however, with the deprivation and See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile of his opponent, he returned to Alexandria in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph as the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion of the faith, and thence continued, by the " unscrupulous use of all the means at his command," the theological strife for years . He was a See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter opponent of the great Antiochene expositor and apologist See also:

• THEODORET

Theodoret . Altogether Cyril presents a See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character not only unamiable, but singularly deficient in the See also:

• GRACES, THE, (Gr. X&panes, Lat. Gratiae)

graces of the Christian See also:

• LIFE

life . His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing is as objectionable as his character and spirit . Yet he takes high See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank as a dogmatic theologian, and those who seek precise and rigid See also:

• DEFINITIONS

definitions of orthodox belief conjoined with tenacity of conviction find him indispensable . In addition to his Twelve Anathematisms and the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the same, he wrote five other books against Nestorius, See also:

• THESAURUS (Gr. B17o-avp6s)

Thesaurus—a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise in See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form on the Trinity, a See also:

• BOOK

book On the Right Way and another On the Incarnation . In other See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields—mystical, exegetical and apologetical—he was equally prolific and forceful . He wrote a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract " On worshipping in spirit and in truth " to defend a spiritual See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation of the See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

Mosaic See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, several commentaries, festival-orations, and a reply to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian's attack -See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

CYRUS on the church: His letters are valuable See also:

• SOURCES

sources to the student of the Nestorian controversy .