See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS JACQUES MANDE See also:

• LOUIS JACQUES MANDE DAGUERRE (1789-1851)

DAGUERRE (1789-1851)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French painter and physicist, inventor of the daguerreotype, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Cormeilles, in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine-et-See also:

• OISE

Oise, and died on the 12th of See also:

• JULY

July 1851 at See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

Petit-See also:

• BRIE (Briegus saltus, from Celtic briek, clay)

Brie-sur-See also:

• MARNE

Marne, near See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . He was at first occupied as an inland See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue officer, but soon took to See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene-See also:

• PAINTING

painting for the See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera . He assisted See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• PREVOST, ANTOINE FRANCOIS (1697–1763)
• PREVOST, CONSTANT (1787-1856)
• PREVOST, EUGENE MARCEL (1862- )
• PREVOST, PIERRE (1751-1839)

Prevost (1764—1823) in the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of panoramic views of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, See also:

• LONDON

London, See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, and See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, and subsequently (July ii, 1822), in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with Bouton, he opened at Paris the Diorama (See also:

• SIS (anc. Sision or Siskia, later Flaviopolis or Flavias)

Sis, See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double; opa/See also:

• EA(nar...), (p.s„,.,.)
• EA(psr...), (p, „...)• (pqr...)

ea, view), an See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of pictorial views; the effect of which was heightened by changes in the See also:

• LIGHT

light thrown upon them . An See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment similar to that at Paris was opened by See also:

• DAGUERRE, LOUIS JACQUES MANDE (1789-1851)

Daguerre in See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

Regent's See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, London . On the 3rd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1839 the Diorama, together with the See also:

• WORK

work on which Daguerre was then engaged, was destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire . This See also:

• REVERSE

reverse of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune was soon, however, more than compensated for by the distinction he achieved as the inventor of the daguerreotype photographic See also:

• PROCESS

process . J . Nicephore See also:

• NIEPCE, JOSEPH NICEPHORE (1765-1833)

Niepce, who since 1814 had been seeking a means of obtaining permanent pictures by the See also:

• ACTION

action of sunlight, learned in 1826 that Daguerre was similarly occupied . In 1829 he communicated to Daguerre particulars of his method of fixing the images produced in the See also:

• CAMERA (a Latin adaptation of Gr. Kagapa, an arched chamber)

camera lucida by making use of metallic plates coated with a See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of See also:

• ASPHALT, or ASPHALTUM

asphalt and oil of See also:

• LAVENDER

lavender; this, where acted on, by the light, remained undissolved when the See also:

• PLATE

plate was plunged into a mixture of See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

petroleum and oil of lavender, and the development of the See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image was effected by the action of acids and other chemical reagents on the exposed See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the plate . The two investigators laboured together in the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of their heliographic pictures " from 1829 until the See also:

• DEATH

death of Niepce in 1833 . Daguerre, continuing his experiments, discovered eventually the process connected with his name . This, as he described it, consists of five operations: the polishing of the See also:

• SILVER

silver plate; the coating of the plate with iodide of silver by submitting it for about ?o minutes to the action of See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

iodine vapour; the See also:

• PROJECTION

projection of the image of the See also:

• OBJECT

object upon the See also:

• GOLDEN

golden-coloured iodized surface; the development of the latent image by means of the vapour. of See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

mercury; and, lastly, the fixing of the picture by immersing the plate in a. See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium " hyposulphite " (sodium thiosulphate) .

On the 9th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1839, at a See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences, See also:

• ARAGO, DOMINIQUE FRANCOIS JEAN (1786-1853)

Arago dwelt on the importance of the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the daguerreotype; and, in consequence of the representations made by him and See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

Gay Lussac to the French See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, Daguerre was on the 15th of See also:

• JUNE

June appointed an officer of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour . On the same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day a See also:

• BILL

bill was presented to the See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers, according to the provisions of which Daguerre and the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of Niepce were to receive annuities of 6000 and 4000 francs respectively, on the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that their process should be made known to the Academy . The bill having been approved at the meetings of the two chambers on the 9th of July and on the end of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, Daguerre's process, together with his See also:

• SYSTEM

system of transparent and opaque painting, was published by the government, and soon became generally known (see See also:

• PHOTOGRAPHY (Gr. bias, light, and ypa w, to write)
• PHOTOGRAPHY, CELESTIAL

PHOTOGRAPHY) . Daguerre's Historique et description See also:

• DES

des precedes du daguerreotype et du diorama (Paris, 1839) passed through several See also:

• EDITIONS

editions, and was translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English . Besides this he wrote an See also:

• OCTAVO

octavo work, entitled Nouveau moyen de prepares la couche sensible des plaques destines a recevoir See also:

• LES

les images photographiques (Paris, 1844) .