An archetypal comic figure (part anti-social trickster, part clumsy innocent child) found as a popular entertainer in diverse cultures. A long and varied tradition of professional exponents in European theatre has created such distinct clowns as Pickleherring, Hanswurst, Harlequin, Pierrot, Auguste, and Joey. When Grimaldi was creating Joey, he was shaping both a unique figure and a specific tradition of clowning that in Tudor times had been much influenced by the cognate figure of the court fool. The hallmark of the 17th-c clowns was a costume of oversized shoes, waistcoats, pointed hats, and giant neck ruffs. The white-faced clown is said to have been introduced in France. In the 1860s a clown under the name of Auguste introduced the red nose, exaggerated eyebrows, and tuffs of hair.