See also:

• DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)

DALMATIC (See also:

• LAT

Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)  , a liturgical vestment of the Western See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, proper to deacons, as the See also:

• TUNICLE (Lat. tunicella)

tunicle (tunicella) is to subdeacons . See also:

• DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)

Dalmatic and tunicle are now, however, practically identical in shape and See also:

• SIZE

size; though, strictly, the latter should be somewhat smaller and with narrower arms . In most countries, e.g . See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, dalmatic and tunicle are now no longer tunics, but scapular-like cloaks, with an opening for the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head to pass through and square lappets falling from the See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder over the upper See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm; in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, though open up the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, they still have See also:

• REGULAR

regular sleeves and are essentially tunics . The most characteristic See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament of the dalmatic and tunicle is the See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical stripes See also:

• RUNNING

running from the shoulder to the See also:

• LOWER

lower hem, these being connected by a See also:

• CROSS

cross-See also:

• BAND

band, the position of which differs in various countries (see See also:

• FIGS

figs . 3, 4) . Less essential are the orphreys on the hem of the arms and the fringes along the slits at the sides and the lower hem . The tassels See also:

• HANGING

hanging from either shoulder at the back (see fig . 6), formerly very much favoured, have now largely gone out of use . The dalmatica, which originated—as its name implies—in See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, came into See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• WORLD

world in the 2nd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D . It was a loose See also:

• TUNIC (0. Eng. tunice, tunical, taken, before the Norman con-quest, directly from Lat. tunica, of which the origin is unknown)

tunic with very wide sleeves, and was worn over the tunica See also:

• ALBA

alba by the better class of citizens (see. fig . 2) .

According to the See also:

• LIBER

Liber pontificalis (ed . See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne, 1 . 171) the dalmatic was first introduced as a vestment in public See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• SILVESTER

Silvester I . (314-335), who ordered it to be worn by the deacons; but Braun (Liturg . Gewandung, p . 250) thinks that it was probably in use by the popes themselves so See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 3rd century, since St See also:

• CYPRIAN, SAINT [Caecilius Cyprianus, called THASCIUS] (c. 200–258)

Cyprian (d . 258) is mentioned as wearing it when he went to his See also:

• DEATH

death . If this be so, it was probably given to the Roman deacons to distinguish them from the other See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy and to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark their See also:

• SPECIAL

special relations to the pope . However this may be, the dalmatic remained for centuries the vestment distinctive of the pope and his deacons, and—according at least to the view held at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome—could be worn by other clergy only by special concession of the pope . Thus Pope See also:

• SYMMACHUS

Symmachus (498–514) granted the right to See also:

• WEAR

wear it to the deacons of See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Caesarius of See also:

• ARLES
• ARLES, KINGDOM OF

Arles; and so See also:

• LATE

late as 757 Pope See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen II. gave permission to Fulrad, See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of St See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, to be assisted by six deacons at See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass, and these are empowered to wear " the robe of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the dalmatic." How far, however, this See also:

• RULE

rule was strictly observed, and what was the relation of the Roman dalmatic to the diaconal alba and subdiaconal tunica, which were in liturgical use in See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul and Spain so early as the 6th century, are See also:

• MOOT

moot points (see Braun, p . 252) . The dalmatic was in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general use at the beginning of the 9th century, partly as a result of the Carolingian reforms, which established the Roman See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model in western See also:

• EUROPE

Europe; but it continued to be granted by the popes to distinguished ecclesiastics not otherwise entitled to wear it, e.g. to abbots or to the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal priests of important cathedrals .

So far as the records show, Pope See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John XIII . (965–972) was the first to bestow the right to wear the dalmatic on an abbot, and Pope See also:

• BENEDICT (BENEDICTUS)
• BENEDICT, SIR JULIUS (1804-1885)

Benedict VII. the first to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant it to a cardinal See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest of a See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral (975)• The See also:

• PRESENT

present rule was firmly established by the 11th century . According to the actual use of the Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic Church dalmatic and tunicle are worn by See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon and subdeacon when assisting at High Mass, and at See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn processions and benedictions . They are, however, traditionally See also:

• VESTMENTS

vestments symbolical of joy (the bishop in placing the dalmatic on the newly ordained deacon says:—" May the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord clothe thee in the tunic of joy and the garment of rejoicing "), and they are therefore not worn during seasons of See also:

• FASTING (from " fast," derived from old Teutonic fastejan; synonyms being the Gr. vnorebety, late Lat. jejunare)

fasting and penitence or functions connected with these, the folded See also:

• CHASUBLE

chasuble (paenula plicata) being substituted (see CHASUBLE) . Dalmatic and tunicle are never worn by priests, as priests, but both are worn by bishops under the chasuble (never under the See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

cope) and also by those prelates, not being bishops, to whom the pope has conceded the right to FIG.I.—Deacon in wear the episcopal vestments. See also:

• AMICE

amice See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

ice and See also:

• ANA

ana lbarelled See also:

• ALB (Lat. alba, from albus, white)

alb . In England at the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation the dalmatic ultimately shared the See also:

• FATE

fate of the chasuble and other mass vestments . It was, however, certainly one of the " ornaments of the See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister " in the second See also:

• YEAR

year of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VI., the See also:

• RUBRIC (Fr. rubrique, Lat. rubrica, Tuber, red)

rubric in the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office for See also:

• HOLY

Holy Communion directing the priest's " helpers " to wear " albes with tunacles." In many See also:

• ANGLICAN

Anglican churches it has therefore been restored, as a result of the See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual revival of the 19th century, it being claimed that its use is obligatory under the " ornaments rubric " of the See also:

• BOOK

Book of See also:

• COMMON

Common See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

Prayer (see VESTMENTS) . In the Eastern churches the only vestment that has any true See also:

• ANALOGY (Gr. avaXo-yLa, proportion)

analogy with the dalmatic or liturgical upper tunic is the sakkos, the tunic worn by deacons and subdeacons over their everyday clothes being the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent of the Western alb (q.v.) . The sakkos, which, as a liturgical vestment, first appears in the 12th century as See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to patriarchs, is now a scapular-like robe very similar to the See also:

• MODERN

modern dalmatic (see fig . 5) . Its origin is almost certainly the richly embroidered dalmatic that formed part of the consular insignia, which under the name of sakkos became a robe of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state special to the emperors . It is clear, then, that this vestment can only have been assumed with the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's permission; and Braun suggests (p .

305) that its use was granted to the patriarchs, after the completion of the See also:

• SCHISM

schism of See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order " in some sort to give them the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, in outward See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance as well, of popes of the East." Its use is confined to the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek rite . In the Greek and Greek-Melchite churches it is confined to the patriarchs and metropolitans; in the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian, Ruthenian and Bulgarian churches it is worn by all bishops . Unlike the practice of the Latin church, it is not worn under, but has replaced the phelonion (chasuble) . A See also:

• SILK

silk dalmatic forms one (the undermost) of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation See also:

• ROBES (Fr. robe, Late Lat. roba, raupa, meaning (1)

robes . Its use would seem to have been borrowed, not from the robes of the Eastern emperors, but from the church, and to symbolize with the other robes the quasi-sacerdotal character of the kingship (see CORONATION) . The magnificent so-called dalmatic of See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, preserved at Rome (see See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

EMBROIDERY), is really a Greek sakkos . See See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Braun, S.J., See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die liturgische Gewandung (See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im See also:

• BREISGAU

Breisgau, 1907), pp . 247-305 . For further references and illustrations see the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article VESTMENTS . (W . A .