See also:

• DAMASUS

DAMASUS I  . was See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope from 366 to 384 . At the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the banishment of Pope Liberius (355), the See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon See also:

• DAMASUS

Damasus, like all the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, made energetic protest . When, however, the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CONSTANTIUS, FLAVIUS VALERIUS

Constantius sent to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-pope in the See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix II., Damasus, with the other clergy, rallied to his cause . When Liberius returned from See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile and Felix was expelled from Rome, Damasus again took his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place among the adherents of Liberius . On the See also:

• DEATH

death of Liberius (366) a consider-able party nominated Damasus successor; but the irreconcilables of the party of Liberius refused to See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon his trimming, and set up against him another deacon, See also:

• URSINUS, ZACHARIAS (1534-1583)

Ursinus . A seriousconflict ensued between the See also:

• RIVAL

rival factions, which quickly led to rioting and See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand-to-hand fighting . In one of these encounters the then new See also:

• BASILICA

basilica, called the Liberian Basilica (S . Maria See also:

• MAGGIORE, LAGO (Lacus Verbanus of the Romans; Fr. Lac Majeur; Ger. Langensee)

Maggiore), was partially destroyed, and 137 dead bodies were See also:

• LEFT

left in the See also:

• BUILDING

building . On several occasions the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm had to intervene, although the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the emperor Valentinian was averse from involving itself in ecclesiastical affairs . From the outset the See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of Rome recognized the claims of Damasus, and exerted himself to support him . Ursinus and the leading men of his See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction were expelled from Rome, and afterwards from central See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, or even interned in See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul . They, however, persisted obstinately in their opposition to Damasus, combating him at first by riots, and then by calumnious See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law-suits, such as that instituted by one See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac, a converted and relapsed See also:

• JEW, THE WANDERING

Jew .

To the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official support, which never failed him, Damasus endeavoured to join the popular sympathy . From before his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election he had been in high favour with the Roman See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy, and especially with the See also:

• GREAT

great ladies . At that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban masses, but recently converted to See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, sought in the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of the martyrs a sort of substitute for polytheism . Damasus showed great zeal in discovering the tombs of martyrs, adorning them with See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious See also:

• MARBLES

marbles and monumental inscrijitions . The See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions he composed himself, in mediocre See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse, full of Virgilian reminiscences . Several have come down to us on the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original marbles, entire or in fragments; others are known from old copies . In the interior of Rome he erected or embellished the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church which still bears his name (S . Lorenzo in Damaso), near which his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house appears to have stood . The See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West was recovering gradually from the troubles caused by the Arian crisis . Damasus took See also:

• PART

part, more or less effectually, in the efforts to eliminate from Italy and See also:

• ILLYRIA

Illyria the last champions of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• RIMINI

Rimini . In spite of his See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration at the council convened by him in 372, he did not succeed in evicting See also:

• AUXENTIUS (fl. c. 370)

Auxentius from See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan . But Auxentius died soon afterwards, and his successor, See also:

• AMBROSE (AMBROISE), AUTPERT (d.' 778)
• AMBROSE (ANDREY SERTIS-KAMENSKIY) (1708-1771)
• AMBROSE (fl. 119o)
• AMBROSE, ISAAC (1604-1663/4)
• AMBROSE, SAINT (c. 340-307)

Ambrose, undertook to bring these hitherto abortive efforts to a successful conclusion, and to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the return of Illyria to the confessions of See also:

• NICAEA, COUNCIL OF
• NICAEA, or NICE

Nicaea .

The bishops of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, however, under the direction of St See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil, were involved in a struggle with the emperor See also:

• VALENS

Valens, whose policy was favourable to the council of Rimini . Damasus, to whom they appealed for help, was unable to be of much service to them, the more so because that episcopal See also:

• GROUP

group, viewed askance by St See also:

• ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius and his successor See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter, was incessantly combated at the papal See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court by the inveterate hatred of See also:

• ALEXANDRIA
• ALEXANDRIA (Arab. Iskenderia)

Alexandria . The Eastern bishops triumphed in the end under See also:

• THEODOSIUS

Theodosius, at the council of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople (380, in which the pope and the Western church took no part . They were invited to a council of wider See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

convocation, held at Rome in 382, but very few attended . This council had brought to Rome the learned See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk See also:

• JEROME, JEROME KLAPKA (1859– )
• JEROME, ST (HIERONYMUS, in full EUSEBIUS SOPHRONIUS HIERONYMUS) (c. 340–420)

Jerome, for whom Damasus showed great esteem . To him Damasus entrusted the revision of the Latin See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible and other See also:

• WORKS

works of religious erudition . A See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time before, the pope had received a visit from the Priscillianists after their condemnation in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and had dismissed them . Damasus died in 384, on the rrth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December, the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day on which his memory is still celebrated .