See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

DAME (through the Fr. from See also:

• LAT

Lat. domina, See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress, See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady, the feminine of See also:

• DOMINUS (from an Indo-European root dam-, cf. Gr. Sapav, to subdue, and Eng. " tame ")

dominus, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord)  , properly a name of respect or a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to " See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady," now surviving in See also:

• ENGLISH

English as the legal designation of the wife or widow of a See also:

• BARONET

baronet or See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight and prefixed to the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian name and surname . It has also been used in See also:

• MODERN

modern times by certain See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies or orders, e.g. the See also:

• PRIMROSE

Primrose See also:

• LEAGUE

League, as the name of a certain See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank among the lady members, answering to the male rank of knight . The See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary use of the word by itself is for an old woman . As meaning "See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress," i.e. teacher, "See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

dame" was used of the See also:

• FEMALE

female keepers of See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools for See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, which have become obsolete since the advance of public elementary See also:

• EDUCATION

education . At See also:

• ETON

Eton See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College boarding-houses kept by persons other than members of the teaching See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff of the school were known as " Dames' Houses," though the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head might not necessarily be a lady . As a See also:

• TERM

term of address to ladies of all ranks, from the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign down, "madam," shortened to " ma'am," represents the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French madame, my lady . " Damsel," a young girl or See also:

• MAIDEN, or MAID

maiden, now only used as a See also:

• LITERARY

literary word, is taken from the Old French dameisele, formed from dame, and parallel with the popular dansele or doncele from the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval Latin domicella or dominicella, diminutive of domina . The French damoiselle and demoiselle are later formations . The English literary See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form " damosel " was another importation from See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages damoiseau, medieval Latin domicellus, dameicele, damoiselle, domicella, were used as titles of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour for the unmarried sons and daughters of royal persons and lords (seigneurs) . Later the damoiseau (in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south donzel, in See also:

• BEAM
• BEAM (from the O. Eng. beam, cf. Ger. Baum, a tree, to which sense may be referred the use of " beam " as meaning the rood or crucifix, and the survival in certain names of trees, as horn-beam)

Beam domengar) was specificallya young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• GENTLE (through the Fr. gentil, from Lat. gentilis, belonging to the same gens, or family)

gentle See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth who aspired to See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood, equivalent to ecuyer, See also:

• ESQUIRE (0. Fr. escuyer, Mod. Fr. ecuyer, derived through the form escudier from Med. Lat. scutarius, " shield-bearer ")

esquire, or See also:

• VALET (Fr. valet; O. Fr. vaslet)

valet (q.v.) . The damoiseau performed certain functions and received training in knightly accomplishments jn the domestic service of his See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord .

Later again the name was also used of nobles who had not been knighted . In certain seigneuries in France, notably in that of See also:

• COMMERCY

Commercy, in See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine, damoiseau became the permanent title of the holder . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the title, when used by the French-speaking See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility and members of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, was only applied to the son or See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king; thus in the See also:

• LAWS

Laws of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor, quoted in Du Cange (Glossarium, s.v . Doinicellus), we find " Rex vero Edgarum .. . See also:

• PRO

pro filio nutrivit et quia cogitavit ipsum heredem facere, nominavit Ethelinge, quod nos Domicellum, id, Damisell; sed nos indiscrete de pluribus dicimus, quia Baronum filios vocamus domicellos, See also:

• ANGLI, ANGLII

Angli vero nullos nisi natos regum." See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart calls See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard II. during the lifetime of his See also:

• FATHER

father the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince, le jeune Demoisel . The use of damoiselle followed much the same development; it was first applied to the unmarried daughters of royal persons and seigneurs, then to the wife of a damoiseau, and also to the young ladies of gentle birth who performed for the wives of the seigneurs the same domestic services as the damoiseaus for their husbands . Hence the later form demoiselle became merely the title of address of a young unmarried lady, the mademoiselle of modern usage, the English " See also:

• MISS

miss." At the court of France, after the 17th century, Mademoiselle, without the name of the lady, was a See also:

• COURTESY (O. Fr. curtesie, later courtoisie)

courtesy title given to the eldest daughter of the eldest See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the king, who was known as See also:

• MONSIEUR (Fr., formed from men, my, and sieur, lord)

Monsieur . To distinguish the daughter of Gaston d'See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans. brother of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIII., from the daughter of Philippe d'Orleans, brother of Louis XIV., the former, See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne See also:

• MARIE

Marie See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise, duchesse de See also:

• MONTPENSIER, ANNE MARIE LOUISE
• MONTPENSIER, COUNTS AND DUKES OF

Montpensier, was called La Grande Mademoiselle, by which title she is known to See also:

• HISTORY

history (see MONTPENSIER, A . M . L., DUCHESSE DE) . DAME'S See also:

• VIOLET

VIOLET, the English name for Hesperis matronalis, a herbaceous plant belonging to the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• CRUCIFERAE

Cruciferae, and closely allied to the wallflower and stock . It has an erect stout leafy See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem 2 to 3 ft. high, with irregularly toothed See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-stalked leaves and See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white or See also:

• LILAC

lilac See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, 4 in. across, which are scented in the evening (hence the name of the genus, from the Gr .

Eorlrepos, evening) . The slender pods are constricted between the seeds . The plant is a native of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and temperate See also:

• ASIA

Asia, and is found in See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain as an See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from gardens, in meadows and plantations .