PIETRO See also:

• PIETRO DAMIANI (c. 1007-1072)

DAMIANI (c. 1007-1072)  , one of the most celebrated ecclesiastics of the rrth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna, and after a youth spent in hardship and privation, gained some renown as a teacher . About 1035, however, he deserted his See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular calling and entered the hermitage of Fonte Avellana, near See also:

• GUBBIO (anc. Iguvium, q.v.; med. Eugubium)

Gubbio; and winning See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound reputation through his piety and his See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching, he became the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of this See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment about 1043 . A zealot for monastic and clerical reform, he introduced a more severe discipline, including the practice of flagellation, into the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, which, under his See also:

• RULE

rule, quickly attained celebrity, and became a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model for other See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations . Extending the See also:

• AREA

area of his activities, he entered into communication with the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III., addressed to See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo IX. in 1049 a See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing denouncing the vices of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy and entitled See also:

• LIBER

Liber Gomorrhianus; and soon became associated with See also:

• HILDEBRAND, LAY OF (Deis Hildebrandslied)

Hildebrand in the See also:

• WORK

work of reform . As a trusted counsellor of a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of popes he was made See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• OSTIA

Ostia, a position which he accepted with some reluctance; and presiding over a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan in 1059, he courageously asserted the authority of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome over this See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, and won a See also:

• SIGNAL

signal victory for the principles which he advocated . He rendered valuable assistance to Pope See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander II. in his struggle with the See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-pope, See also:

• HONORIUS
• HONORIUS, FLAVIUS (384-423)

Honorius II.; and having served the papacy as See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, he was allowed to resign his bishopric in 1067 . After a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of retirement at Fonte Avellana, he proceeded in 1069 as papal legate to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and persuaded the emperor Henry`IV. to give up his intention of divorcing his wife Bertha . During his concluding years he was not altogether in See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord with the See also:

• POLITICAL

political ideas of Hildebrand . He died at See also:

• FAENZA (anc. Faventia)

Faenza on the 22nd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1072 . See also:

• DAMIANI, PIETRO (c. 1007-1072)

Damiani was a determined foe of See also:

• SIMONY

simony, but his fiercest wrath was directed against the married clergy . He was an extremely vigorous controversialist, and his Latin abounds in denunciatory epithets . He was specially devoted to the Virgin See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, and wrote an Officium Beatae Virginis, in addition to many letters, sermons, and other writings .

His See also:

• WORKS

works were collected by Cardinal See also:

• CAJETAN (GAETANUS), CARDINAL (1470-1534)

Cajetan, and were published in four volumes at Rome (1606-1615), and then at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1642, at See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1743, and there are other See also:

• EDITIONS

editions . See A . See also:

• VOGEL, EDUARD (1829-1856)
• VOGEL, SIR JULIUS (1835-1899)

Vogel, See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Damiani (See also:

• JENA

Jena, 1856) ; A . Capecelatro, Storia di S . See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

Pier Damiani e del suo tempo (Florence, 1862) ; F . Neukirch, Das Leben See also:

• DES

des Peter Damiani (See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, 1875) ; L . Guerrier, De Petro Damiano (See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, 1881); W. von See also:

• GIESEBRECHT, WILHELM VON (1814–1889)

Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1885-189o) ; and See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie, See also:

• BAND

Band iv . (Leipzig, 1898) .