See also:

• DARDANELLES (Turk. Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)
• DARDANELLES (Turk. Sultanieh Kalehsi, or Chanak Kalehsi)

DARDANELLES (Turk. See also:

• BAHR

Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)  , the strait, in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient times called the See also:

• HELLESPONT (i.e. " Sea of Helle "; variously named in classical literature `EXX oirov-ros, o "EXXns a6vros, Hellespontum Pelagus, and Rectum Hellesponticum)

Hellespont (q.v.), uniting the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea of See also:

• MARMORA (anc. Proconnesus)
• MARMORA, SEA OF (anc. Propontis; Turk. Mermer Denisi)

Marmora with the See also:

• AEGEAN

Aegean, so called from the two castles which protect the narrowest See also:

• PART

part and preserve the name of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• DARDANUS

Dardanus in the See also:

• TROAD, CERAMICS, PLATE

Troad, famous for the treaty between See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla and See also:

• MITHRADATES

Mithradates in 84 B.C . The shores of the strait are formed by the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of See also:

• GALLIPOLI (anc. Callipolis)
• GALLIPOLI (Turk. Gelibolu, anc. KaAAiiroXrs)

Gallipoli on the N.W. and by the mainland of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor on the S.E.; it extends for a distance of about 47 M. with an See also:

• AVERAGE

average breadth of 3 or 4 M . At the Aegean extremity stand the castles of Sedil See also:

• BAHR

Bahr and See also:

• KUM

Kum Kaleh respectively in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and Asia; and near the Marmora extremity are situated the important See also:

• TOWN

town of Gallipoli (Callipolis) on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and the less important though equally famous Lamsaki or Lapsaki (See also:

• LAMPSACUS

Lampsacus) on the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern . The two castles of the See also:

• DARDANELLES (Turk. Bahr-Sefed Boghazi)
• DARDANELLES (Turk. Sultanieh Kalehsi, or Chanak Kalehsi)

Dardanelles See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par excellence are Chanak-Kalehsi, Sultanieh-Kalehsi, or the Old See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle of See also:

• ANATOLIA (Gr. avaroX,7, sunrise, i.e. eastern land)

Anatolia, and Kilid-Bahr, or the Old Castle of See also:

• RUMELIA, or ROUMELIA (Turkish Rumili, " the land of the Romans," i.e. the East Roman or Byzantine empire)

Rumelia, which were See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long but erroneously identified with Sestos and See also:

• ABYDOS

Abydos now located farther to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . The strait of the Dardanelles is famous in See also:

• HISTORY

history for the passage of See also:

• XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes by means of a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of boats, and for the similar exploit on the part of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander . It is famous also from the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

Hero and Leander, and from See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• BYRON, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, 6TH BARON (1788-1824)
• BYRON, HENRY JAMES (1834-1884)
• BYRON, HON
• BYRON, JOHN BYRON

Byron's successful See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt (repeated by others) to See also:

• RIVAL

rival the ancient swimmer . Strategically the Dardanelles is a point of See also:

• GREAT

great importance, since it commands the approach to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople from the Mediterranean . The passage of the strait is easily defended, but in 1807 the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral (See also:

• SIR

Sir) J . T . See also:

• DUCKWORTH, SIR JOHN THOMAS (1748-1817)

Duckworth made his way past all the fortresses into the Sea of Marmora . The treaty of See also:

• JULY

July 1841, confirmed by the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of 1856, prescribed that no See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• SHIP

ship of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war might enter the strait except by See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish permission, and even See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant vessels are only allowed to pass the castle of Chanak-Kalehsi during the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . See See also:

• CHOISEUL, CESAR
• CHOISEUL, ETIENNE FRANCOIS

Choiseul-See also:

• GOUFFIER

Gouffier, Voyage pittoresque (Paris, 1842); See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray's Handbook for Constantinople (See also:

• LONDON

London, 19oo) .