See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

ANDREW See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

BRUCE See also:

• ANDREW BRUCE DAVIDSON (1831–1902)
• DAVIDSON, JOHN (1857–1909)
• DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS (1848– )
• DAVIDSON, SAMUEL (1807-1898)
• DAVIDSON, THOMAS (1817-1885)

DAVIDSON (1831–1902)  , Scottish divine, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1831 at Kirkhill in See also:

• ABERDEENSHIRE

Aberdeenshire, where his See also:

• FATHER

father See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• DAVIDSON, ANDREW BRUCE (1831–1902)
• DAVIDSON, JOHN (1857–1909)
• DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS (1848– )
• DAVIDSON, SAMUEL (1807-1898)
• DAVIDSON, THOMAS (1817-1885)

Davidson had a See also:

• FARM

farm . The Davidsons belonged to the See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson (1803–1860) of Ellon, one of the ministers of Strathbogie See also:

• PRESBYTERY

Presbytery, which in the controversy which led to the disruption, resisted the " dangerous claims of the established See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church to self-See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government." When the disruption came the principles at stake were keenly canvassed in Ellon, and eventually Andrew Davidson, See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior, went with the See also:

• FREE

Free Church . In 1845 the boy, who had been a " See also:

• HERD (a word common to Teutonic languages; the O. Eng. form was heord; cf. Ger. Herde, Swed. and Dan. hjord; the Sans. ca'rdhas, which shows the pre-Teutonic form, means a troop)

herd " on the farm, went for six months to the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school at See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen and was there prepared for a university bursary, which was sufficient to pay his fees, but no more . During his four years at the university his See also:

• MOTHER

mother supplied him fortnightly with See also:

• PRO

pro-visions from the farm; sometimes she walked the whole twenty See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles from Kirkhill and handed the See also:

• COACH (through the Fr. coche, originally from the Magyar kocsi, an adjective from the Hungarian place named Kocs, between Raab and Buda, i.e. the sort of vehicle used there in the 15th century)

coach See also:

• FEE

fee to her son . He graduated in 1849 . At the university he had acquired a distrust of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, and found it difficult to choose between mathematical and linguistic studies . A Free Church school having been opened in Ellon, he became See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master there for three years . Here he See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed See also:

• SPECIAL

special aptitude for linguistic and philological studies . Besides See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew he taught himself See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, Dutch, See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian and See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1852 he entered New See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh . There he took the four years' theological course, and was licensed in 1856 For two years he preached occasionally and took vacancies . In 1858 the New College authorities appointed him assistant to the See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of Hebrew .

He taught during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter, and in the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long vacation continued his preparation for his See also:

• LIFE

life See also:

• WORK

work . One See also:

• YEAR

year he worked in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany under See also:

• EWALD, GEORG HEINRICH AUGUST VON (1803-1875)
• EWALD, JOHANNES (1743-1781)

Ewald, another year he went to See also:

• SYRIA

Syria to study Arabic . In 1862 he published the first See also:

• PART

part of a commentary on See also:

• JOB

Job . It was never finished and deals only with one-third of the See also:

• BOOK

book, but it is recognized as the first really scientific commentary on the Old Testament in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language . In 1863 he was appointed by the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly professor of See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages at New College . He was junior colleague of Dr See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• DUNCAN
• DUNCAN, ADAM DUNCAN, 1ST VISCOUNT (1731-1804)
• DUNCAN, PETER MARTIN (1824-1891)
• DUNCAN, THOMAS (1807—1845)

Duncan (See also:

• RABBI

Rabbi Duncan) till 187o, and then for See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole professor . He was a member of the Old Testament revision See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee, and his work was recognized by several honorary distinctions, LL.D . (Aberdeen), D.D . (Edinburgh), Litt.D . (See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge) . Among his students were Professors Elmslie, See also:

• SKINNER, JAMES (1778-1841)
• SKINNER, JOHN (1721-1807)

Skinner, Harper of Mel-See also:

• BOURNE (southern form of burn, Teutonic born, bran, burna)
• BOURNE, or BOURN
• BOURNE, VINCENT (1695-1747)

bourne, See also:

• WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
• WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
• WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
• WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
• WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
• WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
• WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
• WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
• WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
• WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
• WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
• WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)

Walker of See also:

• BELFAST

Belfast, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith of See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow and W . Robertson Smith .

He understood it to be the first See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty of an exegete to ascertain the meaning of the writer, and he showed that this could be done by the use of grammar and See also:

• HISTORY

history and the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination . He supplied guidance when it was much needed as to the methods and results of the higher See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . Being a master of its methods, but very cautious in accepting assertions about its results, he secured See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the Free Church for scientific criticism, and yet threw the whole See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of his learning and his See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic wit into the See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument against See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical extravagance . He had thought himself into the ideas and points of view of the See also:

• HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews, and his_work in Old Testament See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology is unrivalled . He excels as an expositor of the governing Hebrew ideas such as holiness, righteousness, Spirit of See also:

• GOD

God, Messianism . In 1897 he was chosen See also:

• MODERATOR (from Lat. moderare, to impose a modus, limit)

moderator of the general assembly, but his See also:

• HEALTH

health prevented his accepting the See also:

• POST

post . He died, unmarried, on the 26th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1902 . Besides the commentary on Job he published a book on the Hebrew Accents, the only Scottish performance of the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind since the days of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston . His See also:

• INTRODUCTORY

Introductory Hebrew Grammar has been widely adopted as a class-book in theological colleges . His Hebrew Syntax has the same admirable clearness, precision and teaching quality . His Commentary on the See also:

• EPISTLE

Epistle to the Hebrews is one of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of handbooks for See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible classes . These were followed by commentaries on Job, See also:

• EZEKIEL (SKpm', " God strengthens" or " God is strong "; Sept. 'IE'EKL?)X; Vulg. Ezechiel)

Ezekiel, See also:

• NAHUM (Hebrew for " rich in comfort [is God] ")

Nahum, See also:

• HABAKKUK

Habakkuk and See also:

• ZEPHANIAH

Zephaniah, in the Cambridge series; and a Bible-class primer on The See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

Exile and Restoration .

His lectures on Old Testament Prophecy were published after his See also:

• DEATH

death by Professor J . A . See also:

• PATERSON
• PATERSON, ROBERT (1715-1801)
• PATERSON, WILLIAM (1658-1719)

Paterson . The Theology of the Old Testament in the " See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International Theological Library " is a See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous See also:

• VOLUME

volume edited by Professor Salmond . " See also:

• ISAIAH
• ISAIAH, ASCENSION OF

Isaiah " in the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple Bible was finished, but not revised, when he died ; and he also had in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand the volume on Isaiah for the International Critical Commentary; to which must be added a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of articles contributed to The Imperial Bible See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary, The See also:

• ENCYCLOPAEDIA

Encyclopaedia Britannica, and the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief religious reviews . Various articles in Dr See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings' Bible Dictionary were by Davidson, especially the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article " God." Two volumes of sermons, The Called of God, and Waiting upon God, were published from MS. after Davidson's death .