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HENRY WINTER DAVIS (1817-1865)

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 867 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY See also:WINTER See also:DAVIS (1817-1865)  , See also:American See also:political See also:leader, was See also:born at See also:Annapolis, See also:Maryland, on the 16th of See also:August 1817 . His See also:father, Rev See also:Henry See also:Lyon See also:Davis (1975-1836), was a prominent See also:Protestant Episcopal clergyman of Maryland, and for some years See also:president of St See also:John's See also:College at Annapolis . The son graduated at See also:Kenyon College, See also:Gambier, See also:Ohio, in 1837, and from the See also:law See also:department of the university of See also:Virginia in 1841, and began the practice of law in See also:Alexandria, Virginia, but in 185o removed to See also:Baltimore, Maryland, where he won a high position at the See also:bar . See also:Early becoming imbued with strong See also:anti-See also:slavery views, though by See also:inheritance he was himself a slave holder, he began political See also:life as a Whig, but when the Whig party disintegrated, he became an " American " or " Know-Nothing," and as such served in the See also:national See also:House of Representatives from 1855 to 1861 . By his See also:independent course in See also:Congress he won the respect and esteem of all political See also:groups . In the contest over the speakership at the opening of the See also:Thirty-See also:Sixth Congress (1859) he voted with the Republicans, thereby incurring a See also:vote of censure from the Maryland legislature, which called upon him to resign . In 186o, not being quite ready to ally himself wholly with the Republican party, he declined to be a See also:candidate for the Republican nomination for the See also:vice-See also:presidency, and supported the See also:Bell and See also:Everett See also:ticket . He was himself defeated in this See also:year for re-See also:election to Congress . In the See also:winter of 186o-1861 he was active on behalf of See also:compromise See also:measures . Finally, after President See also:Lincoln's election, he became a Republican, and as such was re-elected in 1862 to the national House of Representatives, in which he at once became one of the most See also:radical and aggressive members, his views commanding especial See also:attention owing to his being one of the few representatives from a slave See also:state . From See also:December 1863 to See also:March 1865 he was chairman of the See also:committee on See also:foreign affairs; as such, in 1864, he was unwilling to leave the delicate questions concerning the See also:French occupation of See also:Mexico entirely in the hands of the president and his secretary of state, and brought in a See also:report very hostile to See also:France, which was adopted in the House, but fortunately, as it proved later, was not adopted by the See also:Senate . With other radical Republicans Davis was a See also:bitter opponent of Lincoln's plafi for the reconstruction of the See also:Southern States, and on the 15th of See also:February 1864 he reported from committee a See also:bill placing the See also:process of reconstruction under the See also:control of Congress, and stipulating that the Confederate States, before resuming their former status in the See also:Union, must disfranchise all important See also:civil and military See also:officers of the Confederacy, abolish slavery, and repudiate all debts incurred by or with the See also:sanction of the Confederate See also:government .

In his speech supporting this measure Davis declared that until Congress should " recognize a government established under its auspices, there is no government in the See also:

rebel states See also:save the authority of Congress." The bill—the first formal expression by Congress with regard to Reconstruction—did not pass both Houses until the closing See also:hours of the session, and failed to receive the approval of the president, who on the 8th of See also:July issued a See also:proclamation defining his position . Soon afterwards, on the 5th of August 1864, Davis joined See also:Benjamin F . See also:Wade of Ohio, who had piloted the bill through the Senate, in issuing the so-called " Wade-Davis Manifesto," which violently denounced President Lincoln for encroaching on the domain of Congress and insinuated that the presidential policy would leave slavery unimpaired in the reconstructed states . In a debate in Congress some months later he declared, " When I came into Congress ten years ago this was a government of law . I have lived to see it a government of See also:personal will." He was one of the radical leaders who preferred See also:Fremont to Lincoln in 1864, but subsequently withdrew his opposition and supported the President for re-election . He early favoured the enlistment of negroes, and in July 1865 publicly advocated the See also:extension of the See also:suffrage to them . He was not a candidate for re-election to Congress in 1864, and died in Baltimore, Maryland, on the 3oth of December 1865 . Davis was a See also:man of scholarly tastes, an orator of unusual ability and See also:great eloquence, tireless and fearless in fighting political battles, but impulsive to the See also:verge of rashness, impractical, tactless and autocratic . He wrote an elaborate political See also:work entitled The See also:War of Ormuzd and See also:Ahriman in the Ninteenth See also:Century (1853), in which he combated the Southern contention that slavery was a divine institution . See The Speeches of Henry Winter Davis (New See also:York, 1867), to which is prefixed an oration on his life and See also:character delivered in the House of Representatives by Senator J . A . J .

Creswell of Maryland .

End of Article: HENRY WINTER DAVIS (1817-1865)
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