DAVOS (Romonsch Tavau, a name variously explained as meaning a

See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep pasture or simply " behind ")  , a mountain valley in the Swiss canton of the Grisons, lying east of Coire (whence it is 40 M. distant by rail), and north-west of the Lower Engadine (accessible at Sus in 18 m. by road) . It contains two main villages, 2 M. from each other, Dorfli and Platz (the chief hamlet), which are 5015 ft. above the sea-level, and had a population in 1900 of 8089, a figure exceeded in the Grisons only by the capital Coire . Of the population 5391 were Protestants, 2564 Romanists, and 81 Jews; while 6048 were German-speaking and 486 Romonsch-speaking . In 186o the population was only 1705, rising to 2002 in 187o, to 2865 in 188o, to 3891 in 1888, and to 8089 in 189o . This steady increase,is due to the fact that the valley is now much frequented in winter by consumptive patients, as its position, sheltered from cold winds and exposed to brilliant sunshine in the daytime, has a most beneficial effect on invalids in the first stages of that terrible disease . A local doctor, by name Spengler, first noticed this fact about 1865, and the valley soon became famous . It is now provided with excellent hotels, sanatoria, &c., but as lately as 186o there was only one inn there, housed in the 16th-century Rathhaus (town hall), which is still adorned by the heads of wolves shot in the neighbourhood . At the north end of the valley is the fine lake of Davos, used for skating in the winter, while from Platz the splendidly engineered Landwasserstrasse leads (20 m.) down to the Alvaneubad station on the Albula• railway from Coire to the Engadine . We first hear of Tavaus or Tavauns in ii6o and 1213, as amountain pasture or " alp." It was then in the hands of a Romonsch-speaking population, as is shown by many surviving field names . But, some time between 126o and 1282, a colony of German-speaking persons from the Upper Valais (first mentioned in 1289) was planted there by its lord, Walter von Vaz, so that it has long been a Teutonic island in the midst of a Romonsch-speaking population . Historically it is associated with the Prattigau or Landquart valley to the north, as it was the most important village of the region, and in 1436 became the capital of the League of the Ten Jurisdictions . (See GRISONS.} It formerly contained many iron mines, and belonged from 1477 to 1649 to the Austrian Habsburgs .

In 1779 Davos was visited and described by

Archdeacon W . Coxe . (W . A . B .