See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• FRANCIS DEAK (FERENCZ), (1803-1876)

DEAK (FERENCZ), (1803-1876)  , Hungarian states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at SojtSr in the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Zala, on the 17th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October r8o3 . He came of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient and distinguished See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FAMILY

family, and was educated for the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at Nagy-Kanizsa, Papa, Raab and Pest, and practised first as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate and ultimately as a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary . His first See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case was the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of a notorious robber and murderer . His reputation in his own county was quickly established, and when in 1833 his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother Antal, also a man of extraordinary force of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, was obliged by See also:

• ILL

ill-See also:

• HEALTH

health to relinquish his seat in the Hungarian See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament, the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Ferencz in his See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead . He took an active See also:

• PART

part in the proceedings of the See also:

• DIET

diet at See also:

• PRESSBURG (Hung. Pozsony, Lat. Posonium)

Pressburg and made the acquaintance of Odon See also:

• BEOTHY, ODON (1796-18J4)

Beothy and the other Liberal leaders . No man owed less to See also:

• EXTERNAL

external advantages . He was to all See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance a See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• SQUIRE

squire . His true greatness was never exhibited in debate . It was in friendly talk, generally with a See also:

• PIPE

pipe in his mouth and an See also:

• ANECDOTE (from av-, privative, and isSLSwµu, to give out or publish)

anecdote on the tip of his See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue, that he exercised his extraordinary See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over his See also:

• FELLOWS, SIR CHARLES (1799-1860)

fellows . Convinced from the first of his disinterestedness and sincerity, and impressed by his penetrating shrewdness and his instinctive See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty of always seizing the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main point and sticking to it, his hearers soon See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt an See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute confidence in the See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy from Zala county . Perhaps there is not another instance in See also:

• HISTORY

history in which a man who was neither a soldier, nor a diplomatist, nor a writer, who appealed to no See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion but patriotism, and who avoided See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power with almost See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental indolence instead of seeking it, became, in the course of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LIFE

life, the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of a See also:

• GREAT

great party by sheer force of See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

intellect and moral superiority . During the diet of 1839-1840 See also:

• DEAK, FRANCIS (FERENCZ), (1803-1876)

Deak succeeded in bringing about an understanding between a reactionary See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, sadly in want of See also:

• MONEY

money, and a Liberal opposition determined that the nation should have its See also:

• POLITICAL

political privileges respected .

" Let us put all See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy on one See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side and allow him the pre-See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence," wrote See also:

• SZECHENYI, ISTVAN, COUNT (1791-186o)

Szechenyi of Deak (See also:

• APRIL

April 3oth, 1840) . Deak would not go to the diet of 1843-1844, though he had received a See also:

• MANDATE (Mandatum)

mandate, because his See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election was the occasion of bloodshed in the struggle between the Clericals who would have ousted him and the Liberals who brought him in . In 1848, however, he accepted the See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice offered to him by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• BATTHYANY, LOUIS (LAJos), COUNT (1806-1849)

Batthyany . He never ceased to urge moderation in those stormy days, holding rather with See also:

• EOTVOS, JOZSEF, BARON (1813–1871)

Eotvos and Batthyany than with See also:

• KOSSUTH, FERENCZ LAJOS AKOS (1841– )
• KOSSUTH, LAJOS [Louis] (1802-1894)

Kossuth, and he went more than once to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna to endeavour to effect a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise between the Radicals and the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . But when the ill-will of the Vienna government became patent, and the sentiments of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king doubtful, he resigned together with Batthyany, but without ceasing to be a member of the diet . He it was who See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up the See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution of the See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House in reply to the rescript of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry demanding the See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal of the Hungarian constitution . It was he who urged the Hungarian See also:

• CABINET

cabinet not to depart a See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair's-breadth from their legitimate position . He was one of the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary deputation which waited in vain upon See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• WINDISCHGRATZ, PRINCE ALFRED (1787-1862)

Windischgratz in his See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp . (See See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

HUNGARY: History.) He then retired to his See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Kehida . After the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of in-dependence he was tried by court-See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial, but acquitted . During the years of repression he lived in See also:

• COMPLETE

complete retirement . He rejected See also:

• SCHMERLING, ANTON VON (1805-1893)

Schmerling's proposal that he should take part in the project of judicial reform, but on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand he held completely aloof from the widespread, See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret revolutionary movements .

After 1854 he spent the greater part of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at Pest, and his little See also:

• ROOM

room at the " See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England " See also:

• INN

inn became the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place for those patriots who in those dark days looked to the See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom of Deak for guidance . He used every opportunity of stimulating the moral strength of the nation and keeping its hopes alive . He invited the nation to contribute to the support of the orphans of See also:

• VOROSMARTY, MIHALY (1800-1855)

Vorosmarty when that great poet died . He drew up the See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy to the government, in which he defended the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of this See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum of the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language against Austrian intervention . He trusted that, as had so often happened in the course of Hungarian history, the weakness and See also:

• BLINDNESS

blindness of the court would.help Hungary back to her constitutional rights . Armed resistance he considered dangerous, but he was an immutable defender of the continuity of the Hungarian constitution on the basis of the reforms of 1848 . His principles alienated him from the Kossuth See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction, which looked for salvation to a second war with See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, engineered from abroad; but he was equally opposed to the attitude of resignation taken up by the followers of Szechenyi, who, according to Deak, always regarded the See also:

• WORLD

world from a purely provincial point of view . The war of 1859 convinced the Austrian government, at last, of the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of a reconciliation with Hungary; but the ensuing negotiations were conducted not through Deak, but through the Magyar Conservatives . In 1860 Deak rejected the October diploma (see HUNGARY: History), which was simply a See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast-back to the Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa See also:

• SYSTEM

system of 1747; but, at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the government, he went to Vienna to set forth the national demands . On this occasion he insisted on the re-See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the constitution in its integrity as a sine qua non . Meanwhile, it became more and more evident that the Conservative party had no See also:

• STANDING

standing in the country . The See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the deputies returned to the diet of 1861 were in favour of asserting their rights by a resolution of the House, instead of petitioning for them by an address to the See also:

• CROWN

crown; hence arose the two parties of the Addressers and the Resolutioners .

The Patent of the 20th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1861 increased the uneasiness and suspicion of the nation; but Deak, now one of the deputies for Pest, was in favour of an address rather than of a resolution, and his great speech on the subject (May 13th, 1861) converted the majority hostile to an address into a majority for it . The See also:

• OBJECT

object of the Addressers was to make the responsibility for a rupture See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest on the Austrian government . Nevertheless, the court found the address so voted inadmissible; whereupon, on See also:

• DALE, ROBERT WILLIAM (1829-1895)
• DALE, SIR THOMAS (d. 1619)

Dale's See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion, the Hungarian diet drew up a second address vigorously defending the rights of the nation, and ' solemnly protesting against the usurpations of the Austrian government . The speech which Deak made on this occasion was his finest effort . Hence-forth all See also:

• EUROPE

Europe identified his name with the cause of Hungary . The Magyar Conservatives hereupon entered into negotiations with Deak, and the' Austrian government, more than ever convinced of the necessity of a reconciliation, was ready to take the first step, if Hungary would take the second and third . Deak now proposed that the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign himself should break away from counsellors who had sought to oppress Hungary, and should restore the constitution as a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act . The worthy response to this loyal invitation was the dismissal of the Schmerling See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration, the suspension of the February constitution and the summoning of the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation diet . Of that diet Deak was the indispensable leader . Under his direction the Addressers and the Resolutioners coalesced, and he was entrusted with the difficult and delicate negotiations with the crown, which aimed at effecting a compromise between the Pragmatic See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

Sanction of 1719, which established the indivisibility of the See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and the See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March decrees of 1848 . The See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of which he was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president had completed its See also:

• WORK

work, when the war of 1866 See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out and all again became uncertain . After See also:

• KONIGGRATZ (Czech, Hradec Kralove)

Koniggratz the extreme parties in Hungary hoped to extort still more favourable terms from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor; but Deak remained true to himself and to the constitutional principle .

On the 18th of See also:

• JULY

July he went to Vienna, to urge the necessity of forming a responsible Magyar ministry without delay . He offered the post of premier to See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• ANDRASSY, JULIUS (GyuLA), COUNT (1823—1890)

Andrassy, but would not himself take any part in the administration . The diet was resummoned on the 17th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1866 and, chiefly through the efforts of Deak, the responsible ministry was formed (February 17th, 1867) . There was still one fierce parliamentary struggle, in which Deak defended the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

Composition (Ausgleich) of ,867, both against the Kossuthites and against the See also:

• LEFT

Left-centre, which had detached itself from his own party under the leadership of Kalman See also:

• TISZA, KALMAN [KOLOMAN] (1830-1902)

Tisza (q.v.) . He, a simple See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen, from pure patriotism, thus mediated between the crown and the See also:

• PEOPLE

people, as the Hungarian palatines were wont to do in years gone by, and it was the wish of the diet that Deak should exercise the functions of a See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine at the See also:

• SOLEMN (Lat. sollemnis, sollemnis, less correctly solennis, yearly, annual; from sollus = totus, whole, entire, Gr. Mos., and annus, year)

solemn ceremony of the coronation . This See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour he refused, as he had refused every other See also:

• REWARD

reward and distinction . " It was beyond the king's power to give him anything but a clasp of the hand." His real recompense was the assurance of the prosperity and the tranquillity of his country in the future, and the reconciliation of the nation and its sovereign . The consciousness of these great services even reconciled him to the loss of much of his popularity; for there can be no doubt that a large part of the Hungarian nation regarded the Composition of 1867 as a sort of surrender and blamed Dal as the author of it . The Composition was the culminating point of Deak's political activity; but as a party-leader he still exercised considerable influence . He died at midnight of the 28th-29th of July 1876, after long and painful sufferings . His funeral was celebrated with royal pomp on the 3rd of February, and representatives from every part of Hungary followed the " See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

Sage " to the See also:

• GRAVE

grave . A See also:

• MAUSOLEUM

mausoleum was erected by national subscription, and in 1887 a statue, overlooking the See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube, was erected to his memory .

See Speeches (Hung.) ed. by Man& K&nyi (See also:

• BUDAPEST

Budapest, 1882) ; Z . Ferenczi, Life of Dedk (Hung., Budapest, 1894) ; Memorials of Ferencz Dedk (Hung., Budapest, 1889–189o) ; Ferencz See also:

• PULSZKY, FERENCZ AUREL (1814—1897 )

Pulszky, Charakterskizze (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1876) . (R . N .