See also:

• DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South ")  , a name applied, according to See also:

• HINDU

Hindu geographers, to the whole of the territories in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India situated to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• NERBUDDA, or NARBADA

Nerbudda .. In its more See also:

• MODERN

modern acceptation, however, it is sometimes understood as comprising only the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country lying between that river and the See also:

• KISTNA (or KRISHNA)
• KISTNA, or KRISHNA

Kistna, the latter having for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period formed the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern boundary of the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan See also:

• EMPIRE

empire of See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi . Assigning it the more extended of these limits, it comprehends the whole of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, and in this view the mountainous See also:

• SYSTEM

system, consisting of the Eastern and Western See also:

• GHATS, or GHAUTS (literally " the Landing Stairs " from the sea, or " Passes ")

Ghats, constitutes the most striking feature of the See also:

• DECCAN (Sans. Dakshina, " the South ")

Deccan . These two See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain ranges unite at their See also:

• NORTHERN

northern extremities with the See also:

• VINDHYA

Vindhya See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of mountains, and thus is formed a vast triangle supporting at a considerable See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation the expanse of table-See also:

• LAND

land which stretches from Cape See also:

• COMORIN, CAPE

Comorin to the valley of the Nerbudda . The See also:

• SURFACE

surface of this table-land slopes from See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west to See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, as indicated by the direction of the drainage of the country,—the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, the See also:

• CAUVERY, or KAVERI

Cauvery, See also:

• GODAVARI

Godavari, Kistna and See also:

• PENNAR, or PENNER

Pennar, though deriving their See also:

• SOURCES

sources from the See also:

• BASE

base of the Western Ghats, all finding their way into the See also:

• BAY

Bay of See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal through fissures in the Eastern Ghats . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—The detailed and See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic history of the Deccan only begins with the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D . Of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early history the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main facts established are the See also:

• ARYAN

Aryan invasion (c . 700 B.C.), the growth of the Maurya empire (250 B.C.) and the invasion (A.D . 100) of the Scythic tribes known as the Sakas, Pahlavas and Yavanas, which led to the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the Kshaharata satraps in western India . In addition to this, modern study of monuments and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions has recovered the names; and to a certain extent the records, of a See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of dynasties ruling in the Deccan ; of these the most conspicuous are. the Cholas, the Andhras or Satavahanas, the Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas and the Yadavas of Devagiri (Deogiri) . (See INDIA: History; BOMBAY See also:

• PRESIDENCY

PRESIDENCY: History; INSCRIPTIONS: Indian.) In 1294 See also:

• ALA

Ala-ud-Din Khilji, See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of Delhi, invaded the Deccan, stormed Devagiri, and reduced the Yadava rajas of Maharashtra to the position of tributary princes (see See also:

• DAULATABAD

DAULATABAD), then proceeding southward overran Telingana and Carnata (1294-1300) . With this event the continuous history of the Deccan begins .

In 1307, owing to non-See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute, a fresh See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Mussulman incursions began, under Malik Kafur, issuing in the final ruin of the Yadava power; and in 1338 the reduction of the Deccan was completedby Mahommed See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

ben Tughlak . The imperial sway was, however, of brief duration . Telingana and Carnata speedily reverted to their former masters ; and this defection on the See also:

• PART

part of the Hindu states was followed by a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general revolt of the Mussulman See also:

• GOVERNORS

governors, resulting in the establishment in 1347 of the See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent Mahommedan See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of Bahmani, and the consequent withdrawal of the power of Delhi from the territory south of the Nerbudda . In the struggles which ensued, the Hindu See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Telingana See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell See also:

• BIT (from the verb " to bite," either in the sense of a piece bitten off, or an act of biting, or a thing that bites or is bitten)

bit by bit to the Bahmani dynasty, who advanced their frontier to See also:

• GOLCONDA

Golconda in 1373, to See also:

• WARANGAL

Warangal in 1421, and to the Bay of Bengal in 1472 . On the See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution of the Bahmani empire (1482), its dominions were distributed into the five Mahommedan states of Golconda, See also:

• BIJAPUR

Bijapur, See also:

• AHMEDNAGAR, or AHMADNAGAR

Ahmednagar, Bidar and See also:

• BERAR

Berar . To the south of these the great Hindu See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Carnata or See also:

• VIJAYANAGAR, or BIJANAGAR (" the city of victory ")

Vijayanagar still survived; but this, too, was destroyed, at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Talikota (1565), by a See also:

• LEAGUE

league of the Mahommedan See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers . These latter in their turn soon disappeared . Berar had already been annexed by Ahmednagar in 1572, and Bidar was absorbed by Bijapur in 1609 . The victories of the Delhi emperors, See also:

• AKBAR, AKHBAR

Akbar, Shah Jahan and See also:

• AURANGZEB (1618-1707)

Aurangzeb, crushed the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest . Ahmednagar was incorporated in the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul empire in 1598, Bijapur in 1686, and Golconda in 1688 . The See also:

• RULE

rule of the Delhi emperors in the Deccan did not, however, long survive . In 1706 the See also:

• MAHRATTAS

Mahrattas acquired the right of levying tribute in southern India, and their See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief, the See also:

• PESHWA (Persian for " leader," " guide ")

Peshwa of See also:

• POONA, or PUNA

Poona, became a practically independent See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign .

A few years later the emperor's See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy in Ahmednagar, the See also:

• NIZAM

nizam-al-mulk, threw off his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance and established the seat of an independent See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government at See also:

• HYDERABAD, HAIDARABAD
• HYDERABAD, or HAIDARABAD

Hyderabad (1724) . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the imperial possessions in the peninsula were held by chieftains acknowledging the supremacy of one or other of these two potentates . In the sequel, See also:

• MYSORE

Mysore became the See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of the Mahommedan usurper Hyder See also:

• ALI

Ali . During the contests for power which ensued about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 18th century between the native chiefs, the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and the See also:

• ENGLISH

English took opposite sides . After a brief course of See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph, the interests of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France declined, and a new empire in India was established by the See also:

• BRITISH

British . Mysore formed one of their earliest conquests in the Deccan . See also:

• TANJORE

Tanjore and the Carnatic were shortly after annexed to their dominions . In 1818 the forfeited possessions of the Peshwa added to their extent ; and these acquisitions, with others which have more recently fallen to the See also:

• PARAMOUNT (Anglo-Fr. paramont, up above, par el mont, up or on top of the mountain)

paramount power by cession, See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest or failure of heirs, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a continuous territory stretching from the Nerbudda to Cape Comorin . Its length is upwards of r000 m., and its extreme breadth exceeds 800 . This vast See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract comprehends the chief provinces now distributed between the presidencies of See also:

• MADRAS

Madras and Bombay, together with the native states of Hyderabad and Mysore, and those of See also:

• KOLHAPUR

Kolhapur, See also:

• SAWANTWARI, or SAVANTVADI

Sawantwari, See also:

• TRAVANCORE

Travancore, See also:

• COCHIN
• COCHIN, DENYS MARIE PIERRE AUGUSTIN (1851L'Evolution de la vie (1895); Le Monde exterieur (1845); Contre les barbares (1899)

Cochin and the See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty possessions of France and See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . See J . D .

B . Gribble, History of the Deccan (1896) ; Prof . Bhandarkar, " Early History of the Dekkan " (Bombay Gazetteer) ; See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent A . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith, Early History of India (2nd ed., See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, 1908), See also:

• CHAP

chap. xv .