See also:

• GAIUS

GAIUS MESSIUS See also:

• QUINTUS

QUINTUS TRAJANUS See also:

• GAIUS MESSIUS QUINTUS TRAJANUS DECIUS (2017-251)

DECIUS (2017-251)  , See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, the first of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of distinguished men from the Illyrian provinces, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Budalia near Sirmium in See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PANNONIA

Pannonia in A.D . 201 . About 245 the emperor See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the Arabian entrusted him with an important command on the See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube, and in 249 (or end of 248), having been sent to put down a revolt of the troops in See also:

• MOESIA (Gr. Muck and Mveia i)

Moesia and Pannonia, he was forced to assume the imperial dignity . He still protested his See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to Philip, but the latter advanced against him and was slain near See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona . During his brief reign See also:

• DECIUS, GAIUS MESSIUS QUINTUS TRAJANUS (2017-251)

Decius was engaged in important: operations against the Goths, who crossed the Danube and overran the districts of Moesia and See also:

• THRACE

Thrace . The details are obscure, and there is considerable doubt as to the See also:

• PART

part taken in the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign by Decius and his son (of the same name) respectively .. The Goths were surprised by the emperor while besieging See also:

• NICOPOLIS, or ACTIA NICOPOLIS

Nicopolis on the Danube; at his approach they crossed the Balkans, and attacked See also:

• PHILIPPOPOLIS (Bulgarian, Plovdiv; Turkish, Felibe)

Philippopolis . Decius followed them, but a severe defeat near Beroe made it impossible to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save Philippopolis, which See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the Goths, who treated the conquered with frightful See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty . Its See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, Prisms, declared himself emperor under See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• PROTECTION

protection . The See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of Philippopolis had so exhausted the See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers and resources of the Goths, that they offered to surrender their See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty and prisoners on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of being allowed to retire unmolested . But Decius, who had succeeded in surrounding them and hoped to cut off their See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, refused to entertain their proposals . The final engagement, in which the Goths fought with the courage of despair, took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place on swampy ground in the See also:

• DOBRUDJA (Bulgarian Dobritch, Rumanian Dobrogea)

Dobrudja near Abritum (Abrittus) or See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

Forum Trebonii and ended in the defeat and See also:

• DEATH

death of Decius and his son .

Decius was an excellent soldier, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of amiable disposition, and a capable See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator, worthy of being classed with the best See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient type . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief blot on his reign was the systematic and authorized persecution of the Christians, which See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad for its See also:

• OBJECT

object the restoration of the See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion and institutions of ancient See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . Either as a concession to the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, or perhaps with the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of improving public morality, Decius endeavoured to revive the See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office and authority of the See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor . The choice was See also:

• LEFT

left to the senate, who unanimously selected See also:

• VALERIAN

Valerian (afterwards emperor) . But Valerian, well aware of the dangers and difficulties attaching to the office at such a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, declined the responsibility . The invasion of the Goths and the death of Decius put an end to the abortive See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt . See Aurelius See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor, De Caesaribus, 29, Epit . 29; Jordanes, De See also:

• REBUS (Lat. rebus, " by things ")

rebus Geticis, 18; fragments of See also:

• DEXIPPUS, PUBLIUS HERENNIUS (c. A.D. 210-273)

Dexippus, in C . W . See also:

• MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
• MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
• MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
• MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
• MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
• MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
• MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
• MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
• MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
• MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)

Muller, Frag . [See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list . Graec. iii .

(1849); See also:

• GIBBON
• GIBBON, EDWARD (1737–1794)

Gibbon, Decline and Fall, See also:

• CHAP

chap. ro; H . See also:

• SCHILLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON (1759-18o5)

Schiller, Geschichte der romischen Kaiserzeit, i . (pt . 2), 1883 .