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DEKKER (or DECKER), THOMAS (c. 1570-1...

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Originally appearing in Volume V07, Page 940 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DEKKER (or See also:DECKER), See also:THOMAS (c. 1570-1641)  , See also:English dramatist, was See also:born in See also:London . His name occurs frequently in See also:Henslowe's See also:Diary during the last three years of the 16th See also:century; he is mentioned there as receiving loans and payments for See also:writing plays in See also:conjunction with See also:Ben See also:Jonson, See also:Drayton, See also:Chettle, See also:Haughton, See also:Wilson, See also:Day and others, and he would appear to have been then in the most active employment as a playwright . The titles of the plays on which he was engaged from See also:April 1599 to See also:March 1599/1600 are See also:Troilus and Cressida, See also:Orestes Fures, See also:Agamemnon, The See also:Gentle See also:Craft, The Stepmother's Tragedy, See also:Bear a See also:Brain, Pagge of See also:Plymouth, See also:Robert the Second, The Whole See also:History of See also:Fortunatus, Patient Grissel, Truth's Supplication to Candlelight, The See also:Spanish See also:Moor's Tragedy, The Seven See also:Wise Masters . At that date it is evident that See also:Dekker's services were in See also:great See also:request for the See also:stage . He is first mentioned in the Diary under date 8th of See also:January 1597/1598, as having sold a See also:book, i.e. the See also:manuscript of a See also:play; the payments in 1599 are generally made ,in advance, in See also:earnest " of See also:work to be done . In the See also:case of three of the above plays, Orestes Fures, Truth's Supplication and The Gentle Craft, Dekker is paid as the See also:sole author . Only The Gentle Craft has been preserved; it was published anonymously in 1600 under the See also:title of The Shoemaker's See also:Holiday . It would be unsafe to argue from the classical subjects of some of these plays that Dekker was then a See also:young See also:man from the university, who had come up like so many others to make a living by writing for the stage . Classical know-ledge was then in the See also:air; playwrights in want of a subject were content with See also:translations, if they did not know the originals . However educated, Dekker was then a young man just out of his teens, if he spoke with any accuracy when he said that he was threescore in 1637 . And it was not in scholarly themes that he was destined to find his true vein . The See also:call for the publication of The Gentle Craft, which deals with the See also:life of the See also:city, showed him where his strength See also:lay .

To give a See also:

general See also:idea of the substance of Dekker's plays, there is no better way than to call him the See also:Dickens of the Elizabethan See also:period . The two men were as unlike as possible in their habits of work, Dekker having apparently all the thriftlessness and impecunious shamelessness of Micawber himself . Henslowe's Diary contains two notes of payments made in 1597/1598 and 1598/1599 to See also:release Dekker from See also:prison, and he is supposed to have spent the years between 1613 and 1616 in the See also:King's See also:Bench . Dekker's Bohemianism appears in the slightness and See also:hurry of his work, a strong contrast to the thoroughness and See also:rich completeness of every labour to which Dickens applied himself; perhaps also in the exquisite freshness and sweetness of his songs, and the natural See also:charm of stray touches of expression and description in his plays . But he was like Dickens in the See also:bent of his See also:genius towards the See also:representation of the life around him in London, as well as in the humorous kindliness of his way of looking at that life, his vein of sentiment, and his See also:eye for See also:odd characters, though the See also:random pickings of Dekker, hopping here and there in See also:search of a subject, give less See also:complete results than the more systematic labours of Dickens . Dekker's See also:Simon See also:Eyre, the See also:good-hearted, mad See also:shoe-maker, and his Orlando Friscobaldo, are touched with a kindly See also:humour in which Dickens would have delighted; his Infelices, Fiamettas, Tormiellas, even his Bellafront, have a certain likeness in type to the heroines of Dickens; and his roaring See also:blades and their gulls are prototypes of See also:Sir Mulberry See also:Hawk and See also:Lord See also:Frederick Verisopht . Only there is this great difference in the spirit of the two writers, that Dekker wrote without the smallest apparent wish to reform the life that he saw, desiring only to exhibit it; and that on the whole, apart from his dramatist's See also:necessity of finding interesting See also:matter, he See also:cast his eye about rather with a liking for the See also:discovery of good under unpromising appearances than with any determination to detect and expose See also:vice . The observation must also be made that Dekker's See also:person-ages have much more individual See also:character, more of that mixture of good and evil which we find in real human beings . Hack-writer though Dekker was, and writing often under sore pressure, there is no dramatist whose personages have more of the breath of life in them; See also:drawing with easy, unconstrained See also:hand, he was a See also:master of those touches by which an imaginary figure is brought See also:home to us as a creature with human interests . A very large See also:part of the See also:motive See also:power in his plays consists in the temporary yielding to an evil See also:passion . The kindly See also:philosophy that the best of natures may be for a See also:time perverted by passionate desires is the See also:chief animating principle of his See also:comedy . He delights in showing See also:women listening to temptation, and apparently yielding, but still retaining sufficient See also:control over themselves to be capable of drawing back when on the See also:verge of the precipice .

The wives of the citizens were his heroines, pursued by the unlawful addresses of the See also:

gay young courtiers; and on the whole Dekker, from inclination apparently as well as policy, though himself, if Ben Jonson's See also:satire had any point, a See also:bit of a See also:dandy in his youth, took the part of morality and the city, and either struck the rakes with remorse or made the See also:objects of their machinations See also:clever enough to outwit them . From Dekker's plays we get a very lively impression of all that was picturesque and theatrically interesting in the city life of the time, the interiors of the shops and the houses, the tastes of the citizens and their wives, the See also:tavern and See also:tobacco-See also:shop See also:manners of the youthful See also:aristocracy and their satellites . The social student cannot afford to overlook Dekker; there is no other dramatist of that See also:age, except See also:Thomas See also:Middleton, from whom we can get such a vivid picture of contemporary manners in London . He See also:drew See also:direct from Iife; in so far as he idealized, he did so not in obedience to scholarly precepts or dogmatic theories, but in the immediate interests of good-natured See also:farce and See also:tender-hearted sentiment . In all the serious parts of Dekker's plays there is a charming delicacy of See also:touch, and his smallest scraps of See also:song are bewitching; but his plays, as plays, owe much more to the See also:interest of the characters and the incidents than to any excellence of construction . We see what use could be made of his materials by a stronger See also:intellect in Westward Ho! which he wrote in conjunction with See also:John See also:Webster . The play, somehow, though" the parts are more firmly knit together, and it has more unity of purpose, is not so interesting as Dekker's unaided work . Middleton formed a more successful See also:combination with Dekker than Webster; there is some See also:evidence that in The Honest Whore, or The Converted Courtesan, which is generally regarded as the best that bears Dekker's name, he had the assistance of Middleton, although the assistance was so immaterial as not to be See also:worth acknowledging in the title-See also:page . Still that Middleton, a man of little genius but of much See also:practical See also:talent and robust humour, was serviceable to Dekker in determining the See also:form of the play may well be believed . The two wrote another play in See also:concert, The Roaring Girl, for which Middleton probably contributed a good See also:deal of the matter, as well as a more symmetrical form than Dekker seems to have been capable of devising . In The See also:Witch of See also:Edmonton, except in a few scenes, it is difficult to trace the. hand of Dekker with any certainty; his collaborators were John See also:Ford and See also:William See also:Rowley; to Ford probably belongs the intense brooding and murderous wrath of the old See also:hag, which are too direct and hard in their See also:energy for Dekker, while Rowley may be supposed to be responsible for the delineation of See also:country life . The Virgin See also:Martyr, one of the best constructed of his plays, was written in conjunction with See also:Massinger, to whom the form is no doubt due .

Dekker's plays contain. a few songs which show him to have been possessed of very great lyrical skill, but of this he seems to have made sadly little use . His poem of Canaans Calamitie—if indeed it be his, which is hard to believe—is exceedingly poor stuff, and the See also:

verse portion of his Dreame, though containing some good lines, is, as a whole, not much better . When See also:Gerard Langbaine wrote his See also:Account of the English Dramatic Poets in 1691, he spoke of Dekker as being "more famous for the contention he had with Ben Jonson for the bays, than for any great reputation he had gained by his own writings." This is an See also:opinion that could not be professed now, when Dekker's work is read . In the contention with Ben Jonson, one of the most celebrated quarrels of authors, the origin of which is matter of dispute, Dekker seems to have had very much the best of it . We can imagine that Jonson's attack was stinging at the time, because it seems to be full of sarcastic personalities, but it is dull enough now when nobody knows what Dekker was like, nor what was the character of his See also:mother . There is nothing in the Poetaster that has any point as applied to Dekker's See also:powers as a dramatist, while, on the contrary, Satiromastix, or the Untrussing of the Humorous Poet is full of pungent ridicule of Jonson's See also:style, and of retorts and insults conceived in the happiest spirit of good-natured mockery . Dekker has been accused of poverty of invention in adopting the character of the Poetaster, but it is of the very See also:pith of the jest that Dekker should have set on Jonson's own foul-mouthed See also:Captain Tucca to abuse See also:Horace himself .

End of Article: DEKKER (or DECKER), THOMAS (c. 1570-1641)
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