See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

DELPHI (the Pytho of See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer and See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus; in Boeotian See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)  , a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• GREECE

Greece in the territory of See also:

• PHOCIS

Phocis, famous'as the seat of the most important See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple and See also:

• ORACLE (Lat. oraculum, from ora' to pray; the corresponding Greek word is uavreiov or Xpnuri7pwov)

oracle of See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo.' It was situated about 6 m. inland from the shores of the Corinthian Gulf, in a rugged and romantic glen, closed on the N. by the steep See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall-like under-cliffs of See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• PARNASSUS (mod. Likkoura or Likeri)

Parnassus known as the Phaedriades or Shining Rocks, on the E. and W. by two See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor ridges or spurs, and on the S. by the irregular heights of Mount Cirphis . Between the two mountains the Pleistus flowed from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and opposite the See also:

• TOWN

town received the brooklet of the Castalian See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain, which See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose in a deep See also:

• GORGE

gorge in the centre of the Parnassian cliff . About 7 M. to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north, on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Mount Parnassus, was the famous Corycian See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

cave, a large grotto in the See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, which afforded the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi a See also:

• REFUGE

refuge during the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian invasion . It is now called in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district the Sarant' Aulai or See also:

• FORTY

Forty Courts, and is said to be capable of holding 3000 people . I . The Site.—The site of Delphi was occupied by the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Castri until it was bought by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government in 1891, and the See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant proprietors expropriated and transferred to the new village of Castri, a little farther to the west . Excavations had been made previously in some parts of the See also:

• PRECINCT (from Lat. praecingere, to encircle, enclose, surround, prae and cingere, to gird)

precinct; for example, the See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico of the Athenians was laid See also:

• BARE

bare in 186o . The systematic clearing of the site began in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1892, and it was rapidly cleared of See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth by means of a See also:

• LIGHT

light railway . The See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the precinct is now easily traced, and with the help of See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias many of the buildings have been identified . The ancient wall See also:

• RUNNING

running east and west, commonly known as the Hellenico, has been found extant in its whole length, and the two boundary walls running up the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill at each end of it, traced . In the eastern of these was the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main entrance by which Pausanias went in along the Sacred Way . This paved road is easily recognized as it zigzags up the hill, with treasuries and the bases of various offerings facing it on both sides .

It mounts first west-wards to an open space, then turns eastwards till it reaches the eastern end of the See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace wall that supports the temple, and then turns again and curves up north and then west towards the temple . Above this, approached by a See also:

• STAIR (0. Eng. stagger, step, from stigan, to climb, cf. Ger. steigen; the root is also seen in " stile " and " stirrup ")
• STAIR, JAMES DALRYMPLE

stair, are the Lesche and the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, occupying respectively the north-east and north-west corner of the precinct . On a higher level still, a little to the west, is the See also:

• STADIUM

stadium . There are several narrow paths and stairs that cut off the zigzags of the Sacred Way . In describing the monuments discovered by the French excavators, the simplest plan is to follow the route of Pausanias . Outside the entrance is a large paved See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman date, flanked by a See also:

• COLONNADE

colonnade . On the north side of the Sacred Way, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the main entrance, stood the offering dedicated by the Lacedaemonians after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• AEGOSPOTAMI (i.e. " Goat Streams ")

Aegospotami . It was a large quadrangular See also:

• BUILDING

building of See also:

• CONGLOMERATE (from the Lat. conglomerare, to form into a ball, glomus, glomeris; so also the general term " conglomeration " for a miscellaneous collection of things, gathered together in a mass)

conglomerate, with a back wall faced with See also:

• STUCCO (Ital. stucco, adapted from O.H.G. stucchi, crust, piece, patch, Ger. Stuck, piece, allied to stock)

stucco, and stood open to the road . On a stepped See also:

• PEDESTAL (Fr. piedestal, Ital. piedestallo, foot of a stall)

pedestal facing the open stood the statues of the gods and the admirals, perhaps in rows above one another . The statues of the See also:

• EPIGONI (" descendants ")

Epigoni stood on a semicircular basis on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south side of the way . Opposite them stood another semi-circular basis which carried the statues of the Argive See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings, whose names are cut on the pedestal in archaic characters, See also:

• READING

reading from right to See also:

• LEFT

left . Farther west was the Sicyonian See also:

• TREASURY

treasury on the south of the way .

It was in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a small Doric temple in antis, and had its entrance on the east . The See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations are built of architectural fragments, probably from an earlier building of circular form on the same site . The sculptures from this treasury are in the museum, as are the other sculptures found on the site . These sculptures, which are in 974 rough limestone, most likely belong to the earlier building, as their See also:

• SURFACE

surface is in a better See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of preservation than could be possible if they had been See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long exposed to the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air . The earlier treasury was probably destroyed either by See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake or by the percolation of See also:

• WATER

water through the terracing . The Cnidian treasury stands on the south side of the way farther west . This building was originally surmised by the excavators to be the treasury of Siphnos, but further See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence led them to See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change their See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion . The treasury was raised on a quadrangular structure, supported on its south side by the Hellenico, and built of tufa . The See also:

• LOWER

lower courses are left rough and were most likely hidden . A small Ionic temple of See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble with See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

Scale of M£pr 4 'P P . ° Scale of }'.arils v 5 .P 'P By permlv..m, foam plSns iu llolletin de Correspoodence Helleniqup 2897 . XVI .

XVIU two caryatids between See also:

• ANTAE (a Lat. plural word, possibly from ante, before)

antae stood on this substructure . The See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture from this treasury, which ornamented its See also:

• FRIEZE

frieze and See also:

• PEDIMENT (equivalents, Gr. &ros, Lat. fastigium, Fr. ponton)

pediment, is of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INTEREST

interest in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the development of the See also:

• ART

art, and the fragments of architectural See also:

• MOULDINGS

mouldings are of great delicacy and beauty . The whole See also:

• WORK

work is perhaps the most perfect example we possess of the transitional See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . See also:

• STANDING

Standing back somewhat from the path just as it bends See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round up the hill is the Theban treasury . Farther north, where the path turns again, is the Athenian treasury . This structure, which was in the form of a small Doric temple in antis, appears to have suffered from the building above it having been shaken down by an earthquake . It has now been rebuilt with the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original blocks . There can be no doubt about the identity of the building, for the basis on which it stands bears the remains of the dedicatory inscription, stating that it was erected from the spoils of See also:

• MARATHON

Marathon . Almost all the sculptured metopes are in the museum, and are of the highest interest to the student of archaic art . The famous See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions with See also:

• HYMNS

hymns to Apollo accompanied by musical notation were found on stones belonging to this treasury . Above the Athenian treasury is an open space, in which is a rock which has been identified as the Sybil's rock . It has steps hewn in it, and has a cleft .

The ground round it has been left rough like the space on the See also:

• ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

Acropolis at See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens identified as theancient See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar of See also:

• ATHENA (the Attic form of the Homeric Athene, also called Athenaia, Pallas Athene, Pallas)

Athena . Here too was placed the curious See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column, with many flutes and an Ionic See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, on which stood the See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal See also:

• SPHINX (Gr. Q¢lyyea', to draw tight, squeeze)

sphinx, dedicated by the Naxians, that has been pieced together and placed in the museum . A little farther on, but below the Sacred Way, is another open space, of circular form, which is perhaps the aXXwr or sacred threshing-See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor on which the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama of the slaying of the See also:

• PYTHON

Python by Apollo was periodically performed . Opposite this space, and backed against the beautifully jointed polygonal wall which has for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time been known, and which supports the terrace on which the temple stands, is the colonnade of the Athenians . A dedicatory inscription runs along the See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top step, and has been the subject of much dispute . Both the forms of the letters and the style of the See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture show that the colonnade cannot date, as Pausanias says, from the time of the Peloponnesian See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War; Th . Homolle now as-signs it to the end of the 6th century . The polygonal ter-See also:

• RACE

race wall at the back, on being cleared, proves to be covered with inscriptions, most of them. concerning the manumission of slaves . After rounding the east end of the terrace wall, the Sacred Way turns northward, leaving the Great Altar, dedicated by the Chians; on the left . After passing the altar, it turns to the left again at right well angles, and so enters the space in front of the temple . Remains of offerings found in this region include those dedicated by the Cyrenians and by the See also:

• CORINTHIANS

Corinthians . The site of the temple itself carries the remains of successive structures .

Of that built by the Alcmaeonids in the 6th century n.c. considerable remains have been found, some in the foundations of the later temple and some lying where they were thrown by the earthquake . The sculptures found have been assigned to this building, probably to the gables, as they are archaic in See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and show a remarkable resemblance to the sculptures from the pediment of the early temple of Athena at Athens . The existing foundations are these of the temple built in the 4th century . They give no certain See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information as to the sacred cleft and other matters See also:

• RELATING

relating to the oracle . Though there are great hollow spaces in the structure of the foundations, these appear merely to have been intended to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save material, and not to have been put to any religious or other use . Up in the north-eastern corner of the precinct, standing at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the cliffs, are the remains of the interesting Cnidian Lesche or Clubhouse . It was a long narrow building accessible only from the south, and the famous paintings were probably disposed around the walls so as to meet in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the north side . Some scanty fragments of the lower See also:

• PART

part of the frescoed walls have survived; but they are not enough to give any information as to the work of See also:

• POLYGNOTUS

Polygnotus . At the north-western corner of the precinct is the theatre, one of the best preserved in Greece . The foundations of the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage are extant, as well as the See also:

• ORCHESTRA (Fr. Orchestre; Ger. Kapelle, Orchester; Ital. Orchestra)

orchestra, and the walls and seats of the auditorium . There are See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-three tiers of seats in seven sets, and a paved diazoma . The sculptures from the stage front, now in the museum, have the labours of Heracles as their subject .

The date of the theatre is probably early end century B.C . The stadium lies, as Pausanias says, in the highest part of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city to the north-west . It stands on a narrow See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of ground supported on the south-east by a terrace wall . The seats have been cleared, and are in a state of extraordinary preservation . A few of those at the east end are hewn in the rock . No trace of the marble seats mentioned by Pausanias has been found, but they have probably been carried off for See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime or building, as they could easily be removed . An immense number of inscriptions have been found in the excavations, and many See also:

• WORKS

works of art, including a See also:

• BRONZE

bronze charioteer, which is one of the most admirable statues preserved from ancient times . II . History.—Our information as to the oracle at Delphi and the manner in which it was consulted is somewhat confused; there probably was considerable variation at different periods . The See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale of a hole from which intoxicating " mephitic " vapour arose has no early authority, nor is it scientifically probable (see A . P . Oppe in See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Hellenic Studies, See also:

• XXIV

xxiv .

214) . The questions had to be given in See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing, and the responses were uttered by the Pythian priestess, in early times a See also:

• MAIDEN, or MAID

maiden, later a woman over fifty attired as a maiden . After chewing the sacred See also:

• BAY

bay and drinking of the spring Cassotis, which was conducted into the temple by artificial channels, she took her seat on the sacred See also:

• TRIPOD (Gr. rpiTovr, Lat. tripus)

tripod in the inner See also:

• SHRINE (Lat. scrinium, a case or chest for books, hence a casket; from scribere, to write, Fr. ecrin, Ital. scrigno)

shrine . Her utterances were reduced to See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse and edited by the prophets and the "See also:

• HOLY

holy men" (Saws) . For the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence and history of the oracle see ORACLE . Delphi also contained the " Omphalos," a sacred See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound with fillets, supposed to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the centre of the earth . It was said See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus had started two eagles from the opposite extremities and they met there . Other tales said the stone was the one given by See also:

• RHEA

Rhea to Cronus as a substitute for Zeus . For the history of the Delphic See also:

• AMPHICTYONY (Gr. aµduKrvovia, i.e. a body composed of ai.*Krloves, (igrPtKri ov s, " dwellers around ")

Amphictyony see under AMPHICTYONY . The oracle at Delphi was asserted by tradition to have existed before the introduction of the Apolline See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship and to have belonged to the goddess Earth (Ge or Gaia) . The Homeric Hymn to Apollo evidently combines two different versions, one of the approach of Apollo from the north by See also:

• LAND

land, and the other of the introduction of his votaries from See also:

• CRETE (Gr. Kp;rrrr; Turk. Kirid, Ital. Candia)

Crete . The earliest stone temple was said to have been built by Trophonius and See also:

• AGAMEDES

Agamedes .

This was destroyed by See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 548 B.C., and the See also:

• CONTRACT
• CONTRACT (Lat. contract us, from contrahere, to draw together, to bind)

contract for rebuilding was undertaken by the exiled See also:

• ALCMAEONIDAE

Alcmaeonidae from Athens, who generously substituted marble on the eastern front for the See also:

• POROS

poros specified (see See also:

• CLEISTHENES

CLEISTHENES, ad init.) . Portions of the pediments of this temple have been found in the excavations; but no sign has been found of the pediments mentioned by Pausanias, representing on the east Apollo and the See also:

• MUSES, THE (Gr. Mo6o-at, the thinkers)

Muses, and on the west See also:

• DIONYSUS (probably = " son of Zeus," from & Os and vv(7os, a Thracian word for " son ")

Dionysus and the Thyiades (Bacchantes), and designed by See also:

• PRAXIAS

Praxias, the See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of Calanias . The temple which was seen by Pausanias, and of which the foundations were found by the-excavators, was the one of which the building is recorded in inscriptions of the 4th century . A See also:

• RAID

raid on Delphi attempted by the Persians in 48o B.C. was said to have been frustrated by the See also:

• GOD

god himself, by means of a See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm or earthquake which hurled rocks down on the invaders; a similar tale is told of the raid of the Gauls in 279 B.C . But the See also:

• SACRILEGE

sacrilege thus escaped at the hands of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign invaders See also:

• WAD

wad inflicted by the Phocian defenders of Delphi during the Sacred War, 356–346 B.C., when many of the See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious votive offerings were melted down . The Phocians were condemned to replace their value to the amount of so,000 talents, which they paid in instalments . In 86 B.C. the See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary and its treasures were put under contribution by L . See also:

• CORNELIUS
• CORNELIUS, CARL AUGUST PETER (1824-1874)
• CORNELIUS, PETER VON (1784–1867)

Cornelius See also:

• SULLA, LUCIUS CORNELIUS (138–78 B.C.)

Sulla for the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of his soldiers; See also:

• NERO (37-68)

Nero removed no fewer than 500 bronze statues from the sacred precincts; See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine the Great enriched his new city by the sacred tripod and its support of intertwined See also:

• SNAKES

snakes dedicated by the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek cities after the battle of See also:

• PLATAEA, or PLATAEAE

Plataea . This still exists, with its inscription, in the See also:

• HIPPODROME (Gr. irrbSpo,uos, from irros, horse, and Spoµos, racecourse)

Hippodrome at Constanti-nople . See also:

• JULIAN (FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS) (331-363)

Julian afterwards sent Oribasius to restore the temple; but the oracle responded to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor's See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm with nothing but a wail over the See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory that had departed . Provisional accounts of the excavations have appeared during the excavations in the Bulletin de correspondance hellenique . A See also:

• SUMMARY

summary is given in J .

G . Frazer, Pausanias, vol. v . The See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account is entitled Fouilles de Delphes . For history see See also:

• HILLER, FERDINAND (181i-1885)
• HILLER, JOHANN ADAM (1728–1804)

Hiller von Gartringea in Puuly-Wissowa, Realencyclopddie, s.v . " Delphi." For cult see L . R . Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, iv . 179-218 . For the works of art discovered see GREEK ART . (E .