See also:

• DERBENT, or DERBEND

DERBENT, or DERBEND  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, See also:

• CAUCASIA
• CAUCASIA, or CAUCASUS

Caucasia, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• DAGHESTAN

Daghestan, on the western See also:

• SHORE

shore of the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian, 153 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N.W. of See also:

• BAKU

Baku, in 42° 4' N. and 48° 15' E . Pop . (1873) 15,739; (1897) 14,821 . It occupies a narrow See also:

• STRIP

strip of See also:

• LAND

land beside the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, from which it climbs up the steep heights inland to the citadel of Naryn-kaleh, and is on all sides except towards the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east surrounded by walls built of porous See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone . Its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general aspect is See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental, owing to the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• ROOFS

roofs of its two-storeyed houses and its numerous mosques . The environs are occupibd by vineyards, gardens and orchards, in which See also:

• MADDER

madder, See also:

• SAFFRON (Arab. za'faran)

saffron and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, as well as See also:

• FIGS

figs, peaches, See also:

• PEARS

pears and other fruits, are cultivated . Earthenware, weapons and See also:

• SILK

silk and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton fabrics are the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal products of the manufacturing See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . To the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the town is the See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of the See also:

• KIRK, SIR JOHN (1832- )

Kirk-See also:

• LAR

lar, or " See also:

• FORTY

forty heroes," who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell defending Daghestan against the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs in 728; and to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south lies the seaward extremity of the Caucasian See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall (50 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long), otherwise known as See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander's wall, blocking the narrow pass of the See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron See also:

• GATE

Gate or Caspian See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

Gates (Portae Albanae or Portae Caspiae) . This, when entire, had a height of 29 ft. and a thickness of about 10 ft., and with its iron gates and numerous See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch-towers formed a valuable See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian frontier . See also:

• DERBENT, or DERBEND

Derbent is usually identified with Albana, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ALBANIA

Albania . The See also:

• MODERN

modern name, a Persian word meaning " iron gates," came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city was refounded by See also:

• KAVADH (KABADES, KAUADES)

Kavadh of the See also:

• SASSANIAN

Sassanian See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia . The walls and the citadel are believed to belong to the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Kavadh's son, Khosrau (See also:

• CHOSROES

Chosroes) Anosharvan .

In 728 the Arabs entered into See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession, and established a principality in the city, which they called Bab-el-Abwab (" the principal gate "), Bab-el-Khadid (" the iron gate "), and Seraill-el-Dagab (" the See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• THRONE

throne ") . The celebrated See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph, See also:

• HARUN

Harun-al-Rashid, lived in Derbent at different times, and brought it into See also:

• GREAT

great repute as a seat of the arts and See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce . In 1220 it was captured by the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols, and in the course of the succeeding centuries it frequently changed masters . In 1722 See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great of Russia wrested the town from the Persians, but in 1736 the supremacy of See also:

• NADIR (Arabic nadir, " opposite to," used elliptically for nadir-es-semt, "opposite to the zenith ")

Nadir Shah was again recognized . In 1796 Derbent was besieged by the Russians, and in 1813 incorporated with the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• EMPIRE

empire .