See also:

• DIDYMI, or DIDYMA (mod. Hieronta)

DIDYMI, or DIDYMA (mod. Hieronta)  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary of See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo in See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor situated in the territory of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus, from which it was distant about to m . S. and on the promontory Poseideion . It was sometimes called Branchidae from the name of its priestly See also:

• CASTE (through the Fr. from Span. and Port. casta, lineage, Lat. cast us, pure)

caste which claimed descent from Branchus, a youth beloved by Apollo . As the seat of a famous See also:

• ORACLE (Lat. oraculum, from ora' to pray; the corresponding Greek word is uavreiov or Xpnuri7pwov)

oracle, the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple attracted offerings from See also:

• PHARAOH (Par'oh)

Pharaoh Necho (in whose See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army there was a contingent of Milesian mercenaries), and the Lydian See also:

• CROESUS

Croesus, and was plundered by See also:

• DARIUS (Pers. Darayavaush; Old Test. Daryavesh)

Darius of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia . See also:

• XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes finally sacked and burnt it (481 B.c.) and exiled the Branchidae to the far See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of his See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . This See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile was believed to be voluntary, the priests having betrayed their treasures to the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian; and on this belief See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great acted 150 years' later, when, finding the descendants of the Branchidae established in a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city beyond the See also:

• OXUS

Oxus, he ordered them to be exterminated for the See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin of their fathers (328) . The celebrated cult-statue of Apollo by See also:

• CANACHUS

Canachus, See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to us from reproductions on Milesian coins, was also carried to Persia, there to remain till restored by Seleucus I. in 295, and the oracle ceased to speak for a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century and a See also:

• HALF

half . The Milesians were not able to undertake the re-See also:

• BUILDING

building till about 332 B.c., when the oracle revived at the bidding of Alexander . The See also:

• WORK

work proved too costly, and despite a See also:

• SPECIAL

special effort made by the Asian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province nearly 400 years later, at the bidding of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Caligula, the structure was never quite finished: but even as it was, See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo ranked the Didymeum the greatest of See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek temples and See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny placed it among the four most splendid and second only to the Artemisium at See also:

• EPHESUS
• EPHESUS, COUNCIL OF

Ephesus . In point of fact it was a little smaller than the Samian Heraeum and the temple of See also:

• CYBELE, or CYBEBE (Gr. Ku/3X, Ku,(3i7sn)

Cybele at See also:

• SARDIS

Sardis, and almost exactly the same See also:

• SIZE

size as the Artemisium . The See also:

• AREA

area covered by the See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform See also:

• MEASURES

measures roughly 36o X 16o ft . When Cyriac of See also:

• ANCONA
• ANCONA, ALESSANDRO (1835– )

Ancona visited the spot in 1446, it seems that the temple was still See also:

• STANDING

standing in great See also:

• PART

part, although the See also:

• CELLA

cella had been converted into a fortress by the B.yzantil es: but when the next See also:

• EUROPEAN

European visitor, the Englishman Dr See also:

• PICKERING
• PICKERING, EDWARD CHARLES (1846- )
• PICKERING, TIMOTHY (174 1829)

Pickering, arrived in 1673, it had collapsed .

It is conjectured that the cause was the great See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake of 1493 . The Society of Dilettanti sent two expeditions to explore the ruins, the first in 1764 under See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• CHANDLER, HENRY WILLIAM (1828-1889)
• CHANDLER, RICHARD (1738-1810)
• CHANDLER, SAMUEL (1693-1766)
• CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH (1813-1879)

Chandler, the second in 1812 under See also:

• SIR

Sir Wm . See also:

• GELL, SIR WILLIAM (1777-1836)

Gell; and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French " See also:

• ROTHSCHILD

Rothschild Expedition" of 1873 under MM . O . Rayet and A . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas sent a certain amount of architectural See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture to the Louvre . But no excavation was attempted till MM . E . See also:

• PONTREMOLI

Pontremoli and B . Haussoullier were sent out by the French See also:

• SCHOOLS

Schools of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens in 1895 . They cleared the western See also:

• FACADE

facade and the prodomos, and discovered See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions giving See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information about other parts which they See also:

• LEFT

left still buried . Finally the site was See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased by, and the French rights were ceded to, Dr Th .

Wiegand, the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German explorer of Miletus, who in 1905 began a thorough clearance of what is incomparably the finest temple ruin in Asia Minor . The temple was a See also:

• DECASTYLE (Gr. &Ka, ten, and uriXos, column)

decastyle See also:

• PERIPTERAL (Gr. irepi, round, and 7rTep6v, a wing)

peripteral structure of the Ionic See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, standing on seven steps and possessing See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double rows of See also:

• OUTER

outer columns 6o ft. high, twenty-one in each See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row on the flanks . It is remarkable not only for its great size, but (inter alia) for (I) the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament of its See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column bases, which show great variety of See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design; (2) its various developments of the Ionic See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, e.g. heads of gods, probably of Pergamene See also:

• ART

art, See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring from the " eyes " of the volutes with bulls' heads between them; (3) the massive building two storeys high at least, which served below for prodomos, and above for a dispensary of oracles (xprlaµoyp&¢aa mentioned in the inscriptions) and a See also:

• TREASURY

treasury; two flights of stairs called " labyrinths " in the inscriptions, led up to these See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers; (4) the pylon and See also:

• STAIRCASE

staircase at the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west; (5) the See also:

• FRIEZE

frieze of See also:

• MEDUSA

Medusa heads and foliage . Two outer columns are still erect on the north-east flank, carrying their See also:

• ENTABLATURE (Lat. in, and tabula, a tablet)

entablature, and one of the inner order stands on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-west . The fact that the temple was never finished is evident from the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state in which some bases still remain at the west . There were probably no pedimental sculptures . A sacred way led from the temple to the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea at Panormus, which was flanked with rows of archaic statues, ten of which were excavated and sent to .the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum in 1858 by C . T . See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton . Fragments of architectural monuments, which once adorned this road, have also been found . See also:

• MODERN

Modern Hieronta is a large and growing Greek See also:

• VILLAGE

village, the only See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement within a See also:

• RADIUS

radius of several See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles . Its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour is Kovella, distant about 21 m., and on the N. of the promontory .

See Dilettanti Society, Ionian Antiquities, ii . (1821); C . T . Newton, Hist. of Discoveries, &c . (1862) and Travels in the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant, ii . (1865) ; O . Rayet and A . Thomas, Milet et le Golfe Latmique (1877); E . Pontremoli and B . Haussoullier, Didymes (1904) . (D . G .