See also:

• DIETRICH, CHRISTIAN WILHELM ERNST (1712-1774)

DIETRICH OF See also:

• BERN (Fr. Berne)

BERN  , the name given in See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German popular See also:

• POETRY

poetry to See also:

• THEODORIC

Theodoric tha See also:

• GREAT

Great . The legendary See also:

• HISTORY

history of See also:

• DIETRICH, CHRISTIAN WILHELM ERNST (1712-1774)

Dietrich differs so widely from the See also:

• LIFE

life of Theodoric that it has been suggested that the two were originally unconnected . See also:

• MEDIEVAL

Medieval chroniclers, however, repeatedly asserted the identity of Dietrich and Theodoric, although the more See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical noted the anachronisms involved in making See also:

• ERMANARIC (fl. 350-376)

Ermanaric (d . 376) and See also:

• ATTILA (d. 453)

Attila (d . 453) See also:

• CON

con-temporary with Theodoric (b . 455) . That the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend is based on vague See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical reminiscences is proved by the retention of the names of Theodoric (Thiuda-reiks, Dietrich) and his See also:

• FATHER

father Theudemir (Dietmar), by Dietrich's connexion with See also:

• BERN (Fr. Berne)

Bern (See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona) and Raben (See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna) . Something of the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character descended to Dietrich, familiarly called the Berner, the favourite of German medieval See also:

• SAGA (literally a story committed to writing)

saga heroes, although his See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story did not leave the same See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark on later German literature as did that of the Nibelungs . The See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of songs connected with his name in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany is partially preserved in the See also:

• HELDENBUCH, DAS

Heldenbuch (q.v.) in Dietrich's Flucht, the Rabenschlacht and Alpharts See also:

• TOD, JAMES (1782-1835)

Tod; but it was reserved for an Icelandic author, See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, to compile, with many romantic additions, a consecutive See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Dietrich . In this Norse See also:

• PROSE

prose redaction, known as the Vilkina Saga, or more correctly the Thidrekssaga, is incorporated much extraneous See also:

• MATTER

matter from the Nibelungen and See also:

• WAYLAND, FRANCIS (1796–1865)

Wayland legends, in fact practically the whole of south German heroic tradition . There are traces of a See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the Dietrich legend in which he was represented as starting out from See also:

• BYZANTIUM

Byzantium, in accordance with historical tradition, for his See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . But this See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early disappeared, and was superseded by the existing legend, in which, perhaps by an " epic See also:

• FUSION

fusion " with his father Theudemir, he was associated with Attila, and then by an easy transition with Ermanaric .

Dietrich was driven from his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Bern by his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle Ermanaric . After years of See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Attila he returned with a Hunnish See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army to Italy, and defeated Ermanaric in the Rabenschlacht, or See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Ravenna . Attila's two sons; with Dietrich's See also:

• BROTHER

brother, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in the fight, and Dietrich returned to Attila's court to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer for the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young princes . This very improbable renunciation of the advantages of his victory suggests that in the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original version of the story the Rabenschlacht was a defeat . In the poem of Ermenrichs Tod he is represented as slaying Ermanaric, as in fact Theodoric slew See also:

• ODOACER, or ODOVACAR (c. 434-493)

Odoacer . " Otacher " replaces Ermanaric as his adversary in the Hildebrandslied, which relates how See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years after the earlier See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt he reconquered his Lombard kingdom . Dietrich's See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Attila's court represents the youth and early See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood of Theodoric spent at the imperial court and fighting in the See also:

• BALKAN

Balkan See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula, and, in accordance with epic See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom, the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of exile was adorned with See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-like exploits, with fights with dragons and giants, most of which had no essential connexion with the cycle . The romantic poems of See also:

• KONIG, KARL RUDOLPH (1832-1901)

Konig Laurin, Sigenot, Eckenlied and See also:

• VIRGINAL, or PAIR OF VIRGINALS

Virginal are based largely on See also:

• LOCAL

local traditions originally See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent of Dietrich . The court of Attila (Etzel) was a ready See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge to the Nibelungen legend . In the final See also:

• CATASTROPHE (Gr. Karaurpoch, from KaraQrp4ecv, to over-turn)

catastrophe he was at length compelled, after steadily holding aloof from the combat, to avenge the slaughter of his Amelungs by the Burgundians, and delivered See also:

• HAGEN
• HAGEN, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH VON DER (178o-1856)

Hagen See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound into the hands of See also:

• KRIEMHILD (GRIMHILD)

Kriemhild . The See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame breath which anger induced from him shows the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of pure myth, but the tales of his demonic origin and of his being carried off by the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil in the shape of a See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse may safely be put down to the clerical hostility to Theodoric's Arianism . Generally speaking, Dietrich of Bern was the See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise and. just monarch as opposed to Ermanaric, the typical See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant of Geranic legend .

He was invariably represented as slow of provocation and a friend of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace, but once roused to battle not even Siegfried could withstand his onslaught . But probably Dietrich's fight with Siegfried in Kriemhild's See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden at See also:

• WORMS

Worms is a See also:

• LATE

late addition to the Rosengarten myth . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief heroes of the Dietrich cycle are his See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor and See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion in arms, See also:

• HILDEBRAND, LAY OF (Deis Hildebrandslied)

Hildebrand (see HILDEBRAND, See also:

• LAY

LAY ox), with his nephews the Wolfings Alphart and Wolfhart; Wittich, who renounced his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to Dietrich and slew the sons of Attila; Heime and Biterolf . The contents of the poems dealing with the Dietrich cycle are summarized by See also:

• UHLAND, JOHANN LUDWIG (1787-1862)

Uhland in Schriften zur Geschichte der Dichtung and See also:

• SAGE, RUSSELL (1816-1906)

Sage (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1873) . The Thidrekssaga (ed . C . Unger, See also:

• CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA)

Christiania, 1853) is translated into German by F . H. v. der Hagen in Altdeutsche and altnordische Heldensagen (vols. i. and ii . 3rd ed., See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, 1872) . A See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of it forms the concluding See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of T . See also:

• HODGKIN, THOMAS (1831- )

Hodgkin's Theodoric the Goth (1891) . The See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations in the Dietrich legend in the Latin historians, in Old and See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle High German literature, and in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern saga, can be studied in W .

See also:

• GRIMM, FRIEDRICH MELCHIOR, I
• GRIMM, JACOB LUDWIG CARL (1785-1863)
• GRIMM, WILHELM CARL (1786-1859)

Grimm's Deutsche Heldensage (2nd ed., See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1867) . There is a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good account in See also:

• ENGLISH

English in F . E . See also:

• SANDBACH

Sandbach's Heroic Saga-cycle of Dietrich of Bern (1906), forming No . 15 of See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred Nutt's Popular Studies in See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

Mythology, and another in M . See also:

• BENTINCK, LORD WILLIAM (1774-1839)
• BENTINCK, LORD WILLIAM GEORGE FREDERICK CAVENDISH

Bentinck See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith's See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of Dr O . L . Jirlczek's Deutsche Heldensage (Northern Legends, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1902) . For See also:

• MODERN

modern German authorities and commentators see B . See also:

• SYMONS
• SYMONS, GEORGE JAMES (1838-1900)

Symons, " Deutsche Heldensage " in H . See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's Grd. d. german . Phil .

(See also:

• STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, new ed., 1905) ; also Goedeke, Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung (i . 241-246) .