See also:

• DIPTYCH (Gr. &sravxos, two-folding), (I) A

DIPTYCH (Gr. &sravxos, two-folding), (I) A  tablet made with a See also:

• HINGE (in Mid. Eng. henge or heeng, from hengen, to hang)

hinge to open and shut, used in the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

empire for letters (especially love-letters), and See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official tokens of the commencement of a See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul's, See also:

• PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor's or See also:

• AEDILE (Lat. aedilis)

aedile's See also:

• TERM

term of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . The latter variety of See also:

• DIPTYCH (Gr. &sravxos, two-folding), (I) A

diptych was inscribed with the See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate's name and See also:

• BORE

bore his portrait, and was issued to his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends and the public generally . They were made of See also:

• BOXWOOD

boxwood or See also:

• MAPLE, SIR JOHN BLUNDELL, BART

maple . More costly examples were in See also:

• CEDAR (Lat. cedrus, Gr. iapos)

cedar, See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory (q.v.), See also:

• SILVER

silver or sometimes See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold . They were often sent as New See also:

• YEAR

Year gifts . (2)In the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church when the worshippers brought their own offerings of See also:

• BREAD

bread and See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, from which were taken the Communion elements, the names of the contributors were recorded on diptychs and read aloud . To these names were See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early added those of deceased members of the community whom it was desired to commemorate . This See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom rapidly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed into a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration of See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints and benefactors, living and dead; especially, in each church, were the names of those who had been its bishops recorded . The custom was maintained until the lists became so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long that it was impossible to read them through, and the observance in this See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form had to be abandoned . The insertion of a name on the diptych, thereby securing the prayers of the church, was a See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege from which a See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person could be excluded on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of suspicion of See also:

• HERESY

heresy or by the intrigues of enemies . His name could, if written, be expunged under similar circumstances . The names thus written were read from the See also:

• AMBO, or AMBON (Gr. altswv, from avasatvew, to walk up, the reading-desk of early Basilican churches, also called 7r'p'yoc. Originally small and movable, it was afterwards made of large proportions and fixed in one place. In the Byzantine and early Romane

ambo, in which the diptych was kept .

The See also:

• READING

reading of these names during the See also:

• CANON

canon of the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass gave rise to the term canoniza-{See also:

• ION

ion . By various See also:

• COUNCILS

councils it was ordained that the name of the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope should always be inserted in the diptych See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list . The addition of See also:

• DATES

dates resulted from the custom of recording baptisms and deaths; and thus the diptych developed into a See also:

• CALENDAR

calendar and formed the germ of the elaborate See also:

• SYSTEM

system of festologies, martyrologies and calendars which developed in the church . The diptych went by various names in the early church—mystical tablets, anniversary books, ecclesiastical matriculation registers or books of the living . According to the names in-scribed, bishops, the dead or the living, a diptych might be a diptycha episcoporum, diptycha mortuorum or diptycha vivorum . In course of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the list of the names swelled to such proportions that the space afforded by the diptych was insufficient . A third See also:

• FOLD

fold was consequently provided, and the tablet became a See also:

• TRIPTYCH (Gr. rpiary os, three-fold, made in three layers, TpL-, rpeis, three; arux1, a fold; 7rr(uoELv, to fold, double over)

triptych (though the name diptych was retained as a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general term for the See also:

• OBJECT

object) . Further See also:

• ROOM

room was afforded by the insertion of leaves of See also:

• PARCHMENT

parchment or See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood between the folds . The custom of reading names from the diptychs died out about the 8th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The diptychs, however, were retained as See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar ornaments . From the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original consular documents onwards, the outsides of the folds had always been richly ornamented, and when they ceased to be of immediate See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical use they became merely decorative . Instead of the list of names the inside was ornamented like the See also:

• OUTER

outer, and in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the best painters of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day would often paint them .

When folded, the portraits of the donor and his wife might be shown; when open there would be three paintings, one on each fold, of a religious See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . (R . A . S .