DISCIPLES OF See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

CHRIST, or CHRISTIANS  , an See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• DENOMINATION (Lat. denominare, to give a specific name to)

denomination, founded by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

Campbell, his son See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander Campbell (q.v.) and See also:

• BARTON, BENJAMIN SMITH (1766-1815)
• BARTON, BERNARD (1784–1849)
• BARTON, CLARA (1821– )
• BARTON, ELIZABETH (c. 1506–1534)

Barton See also:

• WARREN
• WARREN, GOUVERNEUR KEMBLE (183o-1882)
• WARREN, JOSEPH (1741—1775)
• WARREN, MERCY (1728—1814)
• WARREN, MINTON (1850-1907)
• WARREN, SAMUEL (1807-1877)
• WARREN, SIR JOHN BORLASE, BART
• WARREN, WILLIAM (1812-1888)

Warren See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

Stone (1792–1844) Stone had been a Presbyterian See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister prominent in the See also:

• KENTUCKY

Kentucky revival of 1891, but had been turned against sectarian-ism and ecclesiastical authority because the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod had condemned See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard McNemar, one of his colleagues in the revival, for See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching (as Stone himself had done) See also:

• COUNTER

counter to the See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession, on faith and the See also:

• WORK

work of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit in See also:

• CONVERSION (Lat. conversio, from convertere, to turn or ,change)

conversion . He had organized the See also:

• SPRINGFIELD

Springfield See also:

• PRESBYTERY

Presbytery, but in 1804 with his five See also:

• FELLOW

fellow ministers signed " The Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery," giving up that name and calling them-selves " Christians." Like Stone, Alexander Campbell had adopted (in 1812) See also:

• IMMERSION (Lat. immersio, dipping),

immersion, and, like him, his two See also:

• GREAT

great desires were for See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian unity and the restoration of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of things . But the Campbellite doctrines differed widely from the hyper-Calvinism of the See also:

• BAPTISTS

Baptists whom they had joined in 1813, especially on the points on which Stone had quarrelled with the Presbyterians; and after various Iocal breaks in 1825–1830, when there were large additions to the Restorationists fromthe Baptist ranks, especially under the apostolic fervour and simplicity of the preaching of See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott (1796–186r), in 1832 the Reformers were practically all ruled out of the Baptist communion . The Campbells gradually lost sight of Christian unity, owing to the unfortunate experience with the Baptists and to the See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone taken by those clergymen who had met them in debates; and for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of Christian See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union it was peculiarly fortunate that in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1832 at See also:

• LEXINGTON
• LEXINGTON, BARON

Lexington, Kentucky, the followers of the Campbells and those of Stone (who had stressed union more than See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity) See also:

• UNITED

united . Campbell objected to the name " Christians " as sectarianized by Stone, but " Disciples " never drove out of use the name " Christians." During the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War the denomination escaped an actual scission by following the neutral views of Campbell, who opposed See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery, war and abolition . In 1849 the American Christian Missionary Society was formed; it was immediately attacked as a " human innovation," unwarranted by the New Testament, by literalists led in later years by See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin (secretary of the missionary society in 1857), who opposed all See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• MUSIC

music also . See also:

• ISAAC (Hebrew for " he laughs," on explanatory references to the name, see ABRAHAM)

Isaac Errett (182o–1888) was the most prominent See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the progressive party, which was considered corrupt and worldly by the literalists, many of whom, in spite of his efforts, See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke off from the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BODY

body, especially in See also:

• INDIANA

Indiana, Kentucky, See also:

• TENNESSEE

Tennessee, See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas and See also:

• TEXAS

Texas . The main body appointed in 1890 a See also:

• STANDING

standing See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee on Christian union; their aim in this respect is not for absorption, as was clearly shown by their See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer in 1887 to overtures from the Protestant Episcopal Church regarding Christian unity . The credal position of the Disciples is See also:

• SIMPLE

simple: great stress is put upon the phrase " the See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, the Son of the living See also:

• GOD

God," and upon the recognition by Jesus of this confession as the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of His church; as to See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism, agreement with Baptists is only as to the mode, immersion; this is considered " the primitive confession of Christ and a gracious token of salvation," and as being " for the remission of sins "; the Disciples generally deny the authority over Christians of the Old See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

Covenant, and Alexander Campbell in particular held this view so forcibly that he was accused by Baptists of " throwing away the Old Testament." The See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's Supper is celebrated every See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday, the See also:

• BREAD

bread being broken by the communicants . The Disciples are not Unitarian in fact or tendency, but they urge the use of simple New Testament phraseology as to the Godhead . Their church See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government is congregational . The ,growth of the denomination has been greatest in the states along the See also:

• OHIO

Ohio See also:

• RIVER

river, whence they have spread throughout the Union .

In 1908 there were 6673 ministers and 1,285,123 communicants in the United States . There are churches in See also:

• CANADA

Canada, in Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia . See also:

• BETHANY (mod. el-'Azariyeh)

Bethany See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, at Bethany, See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia, was chartered in 184o, and Alexander Campbell, who had founded it as See also:

• BUFFALO

Buffalo See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

Seminary, was its See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president until his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1866; other colleges founded by the See also:

• SECT

sect are: Kentucky University, Lexington, K y . ;' Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio (185o, until 1867 known' as Western Reserve Eclectic See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute); See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler College, See also:

• INDIANAPOLIS

Indianapolis, Indiana (1855) ; Christian University, See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton, See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri (1851; coeducational); See also:

• EUREKA

Eureka College, in See also:

• WOODFORD

Woodford See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county, See also:

• ILLINOIS

Illinois (1855; coeducational); Union Christian College, Merom, Ind . (1859); Texas Christian University, See also:

• WACO

Waco, Texas (1873, founded as Add Ran College at See also:

• THORPE [or TnoRP], JOHN (/l. 1570-1618)
• THORPE, BENJAMIN (1782-1870)

Thorpe's Springs, removing to Waco in 1895) ; See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

Drake University, See also:

• DES

Des Moines, See also:

• IOWA

Iowa (1881); See also:

• MILLIGAN, WILLIAM (1821-1892)

Milligan College, Milligan, Tennessee (1882); See also:

• DEFIANCE

Defiance College, Defiance, O . (1885); Cotner University, See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln, See also:

• NEBRASKA

Nebraska (1889); Elon College, Elon, See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Carolina (189o) ; American University, See also:

• HARRIMAN
• HARRIMAN, EDWARD HENRY (1848—1909)

Harriman, Tenn . (1893); the Virginia Christian College, See also:

• LYNCHBURG

Lynchburg, Virginia (1903), and for negroes, the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Christian Institute, See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards, See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi (1877), and the Christian See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible College, See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry County, Ky . Theological seminaries are the See also:

• BERKELEY
• BERKELEY, GEORGE (1685–1753)
• BERKELEY, MILES JOSEPH (1803-1889)
• BERKELEY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1608-1677)

Berkeley Bible Seminary, Berkeley, See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California (1896) ; the Disciples' Divinity See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, See also:

• ILL

Ill . (1894) ; and the See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene Divinity School, Eugene, See also:

• OREGON

Oregon (1895) . Bible chairs " were established in See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities and elsewhere by the Disciples,—at the University of See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan (1893), at the University of Virginia (1899), at the University of See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta (1900) and at the University of See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas (1901) . The denomination has See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing houses in See also:

• CINCINNATI

Cincinnati, St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, See also:

• LOUISVILLE

Louisville and See also:

• NASHVILLE

Nashville . See Errett See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

Gates's See also:

• HISTORY

History of the Disciples of Christ (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1905), in " The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of the Churches " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, and his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early Relation and Separation of Baptists and Disciples (Chicago, 1904), a University of Chicago doctoral thesis; and B .

B . See also:

• TYLER
• TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
• TYLER, MOSES COIT (1835—1900)
• TYLER, WAT [or WALTER] (d. 1381)

Tyler's History of the Disciples of Christ in vol. xii. of " The American Church History Series " (New York, 1894) .