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DITHMARSCHEN, or DITMARSH (in the old...

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 323 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DITHMARSCHEN, or DITMARSH (in the See also:oldest See also:form of the name Thiatmaresgaho, Dietmar's See also:Gau')  , a territory between the See also:Eider, the See also:Elbe and the See also:North See also:Sea, forming the western See also:part ofthe old duchy of See also:Holstein, and now included in the Prussian See also:province of See also:Schleswig-Holstein . It contains about 550 sq. m. with 90,000 inhabitants . The territory consists to the extent of one See also:half of See also:good pasture See also:land, which is preserved from inroads of the sea by See also:banks and dams, the other half being mostly See also:waste . It was originally colonized mainly from See also:Friesland and See also:Saxony . The See also:district was subjugated and Christianized by See also:Charlemagne in 804, and ranked as a See also:separate See also:Gau, included perhaps in the countship of See also:Stade, or Comilatus utriusque ripae . From the same See also:century, according to one See also:opinion, or from the See also:year 1182, when the countship was incorporated with their see, according to another, the archbishops of See also:Bremen claimed supremacy over the land; but the inhabitants, who had See also:developed and consolidated a systematic organism for self-See also:government, made obstinate resistance, and rather attached themselves to the See also:bishop of Schleswig . Ditmarsken, to use the Scandinavian See also:form of the name, continued part of the Danish dominions till the disastrous See also:battle of BornhSved in 1227, when its former See also:independence was regained . The claims of the See also:archbishop of Bremen were now so far recognized that he exercised the royal rights of Heerbann and Blutbann,' enjoyed the consequent emoluments, and was represented first by a single advocatus, or See also:Vogt, and afterwards by one for each of the five Doffts, or marks, into which the land was divided after the See also:establishment of Meldorf . The community was governed by a Landrath of See also:forty-eight elective consuls, or twelve from each of the four marks; and even in the 14th century the See also:power of the episcopal advocati was so slight that a chronicler quoted by See also:Conrad von See also:Maurer says, De Ditmarschen See also:leven sunder Heren and Hovedt See also:uncle dohn wadt se willen, " the Ditmarschen live without See also:lord and See also:head, and do what they will." In 1310 and in 1404 they succeeded in defeating the invasions of the Holstein nobles; and though in 1474 the land was nominally incorporated with the duchy by the See also:emperor See also:Frederick III., the See also:attempt of the Danish See also:king Hans and the See also:duke of Gottorp to enforce the See also:decree in 1500 resulted only in their See also:complete rout in the marshes of the Dussend-Diiwels-Warf . During the See also:early part of the century which began with such See also:prestige for Ditmarsh, it was the See also:scene of violent See also:internal conflict in regard to the religious questions of the See also:time; and, thus weakened, it was obliged in 1559 to submit to See also:partition among its three conquerors—King Frederick II. of See also:Denmark and See also:Dukes See also:John and See also:Adolphus . A new See also:division took See also:place on Duke John's See also:death in 1581, by which Frederick obtained See also:South Ditmarsh, with its See also:chief See also:town of Meldorf, and Adolphus obtained North Ditmarsh, with its chief town of See also:Heide; and this arrangement continued till 1773, when all the Gottorp possessions were incorporate with the Danish See also:crown . See See also:Dahlmann's edition of Neocorus, Chronik von See also:Dithmarschen (See also:Kiel, 1827), and Geschichte Danemarks (1840—1844) ; Michelsen, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte See also:des See also:Landes Dithmarschen (1834), Sammlung altdithmarscher Rechtsquellen (1842), and Dithmarschen 2m Verhaltniss zum bremischen Erzstift; Kolster, Geschichte Dithmarschens, nach F .

R . Dahlmanns Vorlesungen (1873)' .

End of Article: DITHMARSCHEN, or DITMARSH (in the oldest form of the name Thiatmaresgaho, Dietmar's Gau')
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