See also:

• DODO (from the PortugueseDhudo, a simpleton)

DODO (from the PortugueseDhudo, a simpleton)  , a-large See also:

• BIRD

bird formerly inhabiting the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius, but now See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct—the Didus ineptus of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus . When, in 1507, the Portuguese discovered the island which we now know as Mauritius they named it Ilha do See also:

• CANE

Cane', from a notion that it must be the island of that name mentioned by See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny; but most authors have insisted that it was known to the See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

seamen of that nation as Ilha do Cisneperhaps but a corruption of Cerne, and brought about by their finding it stocked with large fowls, which, though not aquatic, they likened to swans, the most See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to them of bulky birds . In 1598 the Dutch, under See also:

• VAN

Van See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

Neck, took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the island and renamed it Mauritius . A narrative of this voyage was published, in 16or, if not earlier, and has been often reprinted . Here we have birds spoken of as big as swans or bigger, with large heads, no wings, and a tail consisting of a few See also:

• CURLY, JEAN NICOLAS (1774-1827)

curly feathers . The Dutch called them Walgvogels(the word is variously spelled), i.e. nauseous birds, either because no cooking made them palatable, or because this island-See also:

• PARADISE (Gr. lrap6BEwos)

paradise afforded an abundance of fare so much See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior . De See also:

• BRY, THEODORUS [DnzK] DE (1528–1598)

Bry gives two admirably See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint prints of the doings of the Hollanders, and in one of them the Walgvogel appears, being the earliest published See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation of its unwieldy See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, with a footnote stating that the voyagers brought an example alive to See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . Among the See also:

• COMPANY

company there was a draughtsman, and from a See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of his, Clusius, a few years after, gave a figure of the bird, which he vaguely called " Gallinaceus See also:

• GALLUS, C
• GALLUS, CORNELIUS (c. 70-26 B.C.)
• GALLUS, GAIUS AELIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS CESTIUS
• GALLUS, GAIUS SULPICIUS

Gallus peregrinus," but described rather fully . - Meanwhile two other Dutch fleets had visited Mauritius . One of them had rather an accomplished artist on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, and his drawings fortunately still exist (see See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article BIRD) . Of the- other a See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal kept by one of the skippers was subsequently published . This in the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main corroborates what has been before said of the birds, but adds the curious fact that they were now called by some Dodaarsen and by others Dronten.l Henceforth Dutch narrators, though several times mentioning the bird, fail to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply any important fact in its See also:

• HISTORY

history .

Their navigators, however, were not idle, and found See also:

• WORK

work for their naturalists and painters . Clusius says that in 16o5 he saw at Pauw's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House in See also:

• LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)

Leyden a See also:

• DODO (from the PortugueseDhudo, a simpleton)

dodo's See also:

• FOOT

foot,2 which he minutely describes . In a copy of Clusius's work in the high school of See also:

• UTRECHT
• UTRECHT, TREATY OF

Utrecht is pasted an See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• DRAWING

drawing by Van de Venne super-scribed " See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

Vera See also:

• EFFIGIES, MONUMENTAL

effigies huius avis Walghvogel (quae & a nautis Dodaers propter foedam posterioris partis crassitiem nuncupatur), qualis viva Amsterodamum perlata est ex insulalVIauritii . See also:

• ANNO, or HANNO, SAINT (c. Toro—ro75)

Anno M.DC.See also:

• XXVL

XXVL" Now a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good many paintings of the dodo See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from See also:

• LIFE

life by Roelandt Savery (1576-1639) exist; and the paintings by him at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin and See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna—dated 1626 and 1628—as 1 The See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology of these names has been much discussed . That of the latter, which has generally been adopted by See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French authorities, seems to defy investigation, but the former has been shown by Prof . See also:

• SCHLEGEL, AUGUST WILHELM VON (1767-1845)
• SCHLEGEL, JOHANN ELIAS (1719-1749)
• SCHLEGEL, KARL WILHELM FRIEDRICH VON (1772-1829)

Schlegel (Versl. en Mededeel . X . Akad . Wetensch. it. pp . 255 et seq.) to be the homely name of the dal:chick or little See also:

• GREBE (Fr. grebe)

grebe (Podiceps See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor), of which the Dutchmen were reminded by the See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round stern and tail diminished to a tuft that characterized the dodo . The same learned authority suggests that dodo is a corruption of Dodaars, but, as will presently be seen, we herein think him mistaken . 2 What has become of the specimen (which may have been a relic of the bird brought See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home by Van Neck's See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron) is not known .

Brodetipand . Dr See also:

• GRAY
• GRAY (or GREY), WALTER DE (d. 1255)
• GRAY, ASA (1810-1888)
• GRAY, DAVID (1838-1861)
• GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)
• GRAY, HENRY PETERS (1819-18/7)
• GRAY, HORACE (1828–1902)
• GRAY, JOHN DE (d. 1214)
• GRAY, JOHN EDWARD (1800–1875)
• GRAY, PATRICK GRAY, 6TH BARON (d. 1612)
• GRAY, ROBERT (1809-1872)
• GRAY, SIR THOMAS (d. c. 1369)
• GRAY, THOMAS (1716-1771)

Gray have suggested its identity. with that now in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum, but on what grounds is not apparent.well as the picture by Goiemare, belonging to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke- of See also:

• NORTHUMBERLAND
• NORTHUMBERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE, EARL OF WARWICK
• NORTHUMBERLAND, JOHN NEVILLE, EARL OF (c. 1430-1471)

Northumberland, dated 1627, may be with greater plausibility than ever considered portraits of a See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive bird . It is even probable that this was not the first example painted in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, In the private library of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I. of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria was a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of pictures of various animals, supposed to be by theDutch artist See also:

• HOEFNAGEL, JORIS (1545-1601)

Hoefnagel, who was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1545 . One of these represents a dodo, and, if there be no See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake in Von See also:

• FRAUENFELD

Frauenfeld's ascription, it must almost certainly have been painted before 1626, while there is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to think that the original may have been kept in the vivarium of the emperor See also:

• RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

Rudolf II., and that the portion of a dodo's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, which was found in the museum at See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague about 1850, belonged to this example . The other pictures by Roelandt Savery, like those in the possession of the Zoological Society of See also:

• LONDON

London and others, are undated, but were probably all painted about the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time—1626-1628 . The large picture in the British Museum, once belonging to See also:

• SIR

Sir Hans See also:

• SLOANE, SIR HANS (1660-1753)

Sloane, by an unknown artist, but supposed to be by Roelandt Savery, is also undated; while the still larger one at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford (considered to be by the younger Savery) bears a much later date, 165 i . Undated also is a picture in Holland said to be by Pieter Holsteyn . In 1628 we have the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of the first See also:

• ENGLISH

English observer of the bird—one Emanuel Altham, who mentions it in two letters written on the same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day from Mauritius to his See also:

• BROTHER

brother at home (Prot . Zool . See also:

• SOC

Soc . 1874, pp . 447-449) .

In one he says: " You shall receue . . . a See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange fowle: which I had at the See also:

• BAND

Band Mauritius called by ye portingalls a Do Do: which for the rareness thereof I See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope wilbe welcome to you." The passage in the other See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter is to the same effect, with the addition of the words " if it liue." In the same See also:

• FLEET

fleet with Altham sailed Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert, whose Travels ran through several See also:

• EDITIONS

editions . It is See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain that he could not have reached Mauritius till 1629, though 1627 has been usually assigned as the date of his visit . The fullest See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account he gives of the bird is in his edition of 1638: " The Dodo comes first to a description: here, and in Dygarrois 3 (and no where else, that ever I could see or heare of) is generated the Dodo (a Portuguize name it is, and has reference to her simpleness,) a Bird which for shape and rareness might be See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call'd a See also:

• PHOENIX
• PHOENIX (Gr. 4oivt )

Phoenix (wer't in See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia:) " &c . Herbert was weak as an etymologist, but his See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive statement, corroborated as it is by Altham, cannot be set aside, and hence we do not hesitate to assign a Portuguese derivation for the word.4 Herbert also gave a figure of the bird . Proceeding chronologically we next come upon a curious See also:

• BIT (from the verb " to bite," either in the sense of a piece bitten off, or an act of biting, or a thing that bites or is bitten)

bit of evidence . This is contained in a MS. See also:

• DIARY

diary kept between 1626 and 164o, by Thomas Crossfield of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, Oxford,where, under the See also:

• YEAR

year 1634, mention is casually made of one Mr Gosling " who bestowed the Dodar (a blacke See also:

• INDIAN

Indian bird) vpon . ye See also:

• ANATOMY
• ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

Anatomy school." Nothing more is known of it . About 1638, Sir See also:

• HAMON, JEAN LOUIS (1821–1874)

Hamon Lestrange tells us, as he walked London streets he saw the picture of a strange See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl, hung out on a See also:

• CLOTH

cloth See also:

• CANVAS

canvas, and going in to see it found a See also:

• GREAT

great bird kept in a chamber "somewhat bigger than the largest Turky See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock, and so legged and footed, but shorter and thicker." The keeper called it a dodo and showed the visitors how his captive would See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow " large peble stones as bigge as nutmegs." In 1651 Morisot published an account of a voyage made by See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois Cauche, who professed to have passed fifteen days in Mauritius, or " l'isle de Saincte Apollonie," as he called it, in 1638 . According to De See also:

• FLACOURT, ETIENNE DE (16o7-1660)

Flacourt the narrative is not very trustworthy, and . indeed certain statements are obviously inaccurate . Cauche says he saw there birds bigger than swans, which he describes so as to leave no doubt of his meaning dodos; but perhaps the most important facts (if they be facts) that he 2 i.e . See also:

• RODRIGUEZ (officially RODRIGUES)

Rodriguez; an See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error . 4 Hence we venture to dispute Prof .

Schlegel's supposed origin of " Dodo." The Portuguese must have been the See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior nomenclators, and if, as is most likely, some of their nation, or men acquainted with their See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, were employed to See also:

• PILOT

pilot the Hollanders, we see at once how the first Dutch name Walghvogel would give way . The meaning of Doudo not being plain to the Dutch, they would, as is the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of sailors, convert it into something they did understand . Then Dodgers would easily suggest itself . relates are that they had a cry like a gosling (" it a un cry comme See also:

• POISON

Poison "), and that they laid a single See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg (" See also:

• GROS, ANTOINE JEAN, BARON (1771–1835)

gros comme un See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain d'un sol ") on a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of grass in the forests . He calls them " oiseaux de Nazaret," perhaps, as a marginal See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note informs us, from an island of that name which was then supposed to See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie more to the northward, but is now known to have no existence . In the See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of Tradescant's Collection of Rarities, preserved at See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• LAMBETH

Lambeth, published in 1656, we have entered among the See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, and See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast of a Head in Oxford . " Whole Birds," a " Dodar from the island Mauritius; it is not able to flie being so big." This specimen may well have been the skin of the bird seen by Lestrange some eighteen years before, but anyhow we are able to trace the specimen through See also:

• WILLUGHBY, FRANCIS (1635—1672)

Willughby, See also:

• EDWARD

Edward See also:

• LLWYD, EDWARD (166o-1709)

Llwyd and Thomas See also:

• HYDE
• HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

Hyde, till it passed in or before 1684 to the Ashmolean collection at Oxford . In 1755 it was ordered to be destroyed, but, in accordance with the original orders of Ashmole, its head and right foot were preserved, and still See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament the museum of that university . In the second edition of a Catalogue of many Natural Rarities, &c., " to he seen at the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place formerly called the See also:

• MUSIC

Music House, near the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West End of St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church," collected by one See also:

• HUBERT (HUCBERTUS, HUGBERTUS), ST (d. 727)

Hubert See also:

• ALIAS (Lat. for " at another time ")

alias See also:

• FORBES
• FORBES, ALEXANDER PENROSE (1817-1875)
• FORBES, ARCHIBALD (1838-1900)
• FORBES, DAVID (1828--1876)
• FORBES, DUNCAN
• FORBES, EDWARD (1815—1854)
• FORBES, JAMES DAVID (1809—1868)
• FORBES, SIR JOHN (1787—1861)

Forbes, and published in 1665, mention is made of a " See also:

• LEGGE
• LEGGE, JAMES (1815-1897)

Legge of a Dodo, a great heavy bird that cannot See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly; it is a Bird of the Mauricius Island." This is supposed to have subsequently passed into the possession of the Royal Society . At all events such a specimen is included in See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

Grew's See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of their treasures which was published in 1681 . This was afterwards transferred to the British Museum . It is a See also:

• LEFT

left foot, without the integuments, but it differs sufficiently in See also:

• SIZE

size from the Oxford specimen to forbid its having been See also:

• PART

part of the same individual .

In 1666 Olearius brought out the Gottorffische Kunst Kammer, wherein he describes the head of a Walghvogel, which some sixty. years later was removed to the museum at See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen, and is now preserved there, having been the means of first leading zoologists, under the guidance of Prof . J . Th . Reinhardt, to recognize the true See also:

• AFFINITIES

affinities of the bird . We have passed over all but the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal narratives of voyagers or other notices of the bird . A compendious bibliography, up to the year 1848, will be found in See also:

• STRICKLAND, AGNES (18061874)
• STRICKLAND, HUGH EDWIN (1811—1853)

Strickland's classical work,' and the list was continued by Von Frauenfeld' for twenty years later: ' The Dodo and its Kindred, by H . E . Strickland and A . G . See also:

• MELVILLE, ANDREW (1545-1622)
• MELVILLE, ARTHUR (1858-1904)
• MELVILLE, JAMES (1556-1614)
• MELVILLE, SIR JAMES (1535-1617)

Melville (London, 1848, 4to) . 2 Neu aufgefundene Abbildung See also:

• DES

des Dronte, by Georg See also:

• RITTER, HEINRICH (1791-1869)
• RITTER, KARL (1779–1859)

Ritter von Frauenfeld (Wien, 1868, fol.) . The last evidence we have of the dodo's existence is furnished by a journal kept by Benj .

Harry, and now in the British Museum (See also:

• MSS

MSS . Addit, 3668 . 11 D) . This shows its survival till 1681, but the writer's See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole remark upon it is that its " fflesh is very hard." The successive occupation of the island by different masters seems to have destroyed every tradition See also:

• RELATING

relating to the bird, and doubts began to arise whether such a creature had ever existed . Dr See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• DUNCAN
• DUNCAN, ADAM DUNCAN, 1ST VISCOUNT (1731-1804)
• DUNCAN, PETER MARTIN (1824-1891)
• DUNCAN, THOMAS (1807—1845)

Duncan, Scottish See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister and journalist, in 1828, showed how See also:

• ILL

ill-founded these doubts were, and some ten years later See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BRODERIP, WILLIAM JOHN (1789–1859)

Broderip with much See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence collected all the available evidence into an admirable See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay, which in its turn was succeeded by 'Strickland's monograph just mentioned . But in the meanwhile little was done towards obtaining any material advance in our knowledge, Prof . Reinhardt's determination of its See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity to the pigeons (Columbae) excepted; and it was hardly until See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• CLARK, FRANCIS EDWARD (1851- )
• CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS (1752—1818)
• CLARK, JOHN BATES (1847— )
• CLARK, JOSIAH LATIMER (1822—1898)
• CLARK, SIR ANDREW
• CLARK, SIR JAMES (1788—1870)
• CLARK, THOMAS (1801—1867)
• CLARK, WILLIAM (1770-1838)
• CLARK, WILLIAM GEORGE (1821—1878)

Clark's See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery in 1865 of a large number of dodos' remains in the mud of a See also:

• POOL

pool (the See also:

• MARE

Mare aux Songes) that zoologists generally were prepared to accept that affinity without question . The !examination of See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone after bone by Sir R . See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen (Trans . Zool . Soc . Vi. p .

49) confirmed the See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment of the Danish naturalist . In 1889 Th . Sauzier, acting for the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Mauritius, sent a great number of, bones from the same swamp to Sir Edward See also:

• NEWTON
• NEWTON, ALFRED (1829–1907)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1725-1807)
• NEWTON, JOHN (1823-1895)
• NEWTON, SIR CHARLES THOMAS (1816-1894)
• NEWTON, SIR ISAAC (1642-1727)

Newton.' From these the first correctly restored and properly mounted See also:

• SKELETON

skeleton was prepared and sent to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, to be forwarded to the museum of Mauritius . Good specimens are in the British Museum, at Paris and at Cambridge, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . The huge blackish See also:

• BILL

bill of the dodo terminated in a large, horny See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

hook; the cheeks were partly See also:

• BARE

bare, the stout, See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short legs yellow . The plumage was dark ash-coloured, with whitish See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast and tail, yellowish white wings (incapable of See also:

• FLIGHT

flight) . The short tail formed a curly tuft . The dodo is said to have inhabited forests and to have laid one large white egg on a mass of grass . Besides See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, hogs and other imported animals seem to have exterminated it . But the dodo is not the only member of its See also:

• FAMILY

family that has vanished . The little island which has successively See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne the name of Mascaregnas, England's See also:

• FOREST

Forest, See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon and See also:

• REUNION

Reunion, and lies to the southward of Mauritius, had also an allied bird,. now dead and gone . Of this not ~»`i'-; _~ a relic has been - handled by any natur- alist .

The latest de- FIG . ' z.—The See also:

• SOLITAIRE (Fr. for " solitary ")

Solitaire of Rodriguez (Pezophaps solitarius) . From Leguat's scription of it, by Du figure . Bois in 1674, is very meagre, while Bontekoe (1646) gave a figure, apparently intended to represent it . It was originally called the " solitaire," but this name was also applied to Pezophaps solitaries of Rodriguez by the Huguenot See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile Leguat, who described and figured it about 1691 . The solitaire, Didus solitaries of See also:

• GMELIN

Gmelin, referred by Strickland to a See also:

• DISTRICT

district genus Pezophaps, is supposed to have lingered in the s E . Newton and H . Gadow, Trans . Zool . Soc. xiii . (1893) pp . 281-302, pls .

island of Rodriguez until about 176r . Leguatl has given a delightful description of its quaint habits . The male stood about 2 ft . 9 in. high; its See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour was brownish See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey, that of its See also:

• MATE (a corruption of make, from O. Eng. gemaca, a " comrade ")
• MATE, or PARAGUAY TEA

mate more inclined to See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown, with a whitish breast . The wings were rudimentary, the tail very small, almost hidden, and the thigh feathers were thick and curled " like shells." A round mass of bone, " as big as a See also:

• MUSKET (Fr. mousquet, Ger. Muskete, &c.)

musket See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball," was See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed on the wings of the See also:

• MALES

males, and they used it as a weapon of offence while they whirled themselves about twenty or See also:

• THIRTY

thirty times in four or five minutes, making a See also:

• NOISE (a word of doubtful origin; O. Fr. nogse or nose; Prov. nausa, which points to Lat. nausea, sickness, as the origin; others take Lat. noxia, harm, as the source)

noise with their pinions like a rattle . The mien was fierce and the walk stately, the birds living singly or in pairs . The See also:

• NEST

nest was a heap of See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm leaves a foot high, and contained a single large egg which was incubated by both parents . The See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food consisted of seeds and leaves, and the birds aided digestion by swallowing large stones; these were used by the Museum of See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

Zoology, Cambridge . Dutch sailors to sharpen their knives with . One of these stones, nearly an See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch and a See also:

• HALF

half in length, of extremely hard volcanic See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, is in the Cambridge museum . The fighting knobs mentioned above, are very interesting, large exostoses on one of the See also:

• WRIST

wrist-bones of either wing; they were undoubtedly covered with a thick, callous skin . Thousands of bones of this curious flightless See also:

• PIGEON

pigeon were collected through Sir E .

Newton's2 exertions, and by H . H . Sclater on behalf of the Royal Society of London . The results are several almost See also:

• COMPLETE

complete skeletons of both sexes, composed however out of the enormous mass of the dissociated bones .