DOG  , the See also:

• ENGLISH

English generic See also:

• TERM

term for' the quadruped of the domesticated variety of Canis (Fr. chien) . The See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology of the word is unknown; " See also:

• HOUND

hound " represents the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic term (Ger . Hund), and it is suggested that the " English dog "—for this was a See also:

• REGULAR

regular phrase in See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• EUROPEAN

European countries —represented a See also:

• SPECIAL

special breed . Most canine experts believe that the dog is descended from the See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf, although zoologists are less certain (see See also:

• CARNIVORA

CARNIVORA); the See also:

• OSTEOLOGY (Gr. ovTeov, bone)

osteology of one does not differ materially from that of the other: the dog and the wolf breed with each other, and the progeny thus obtained will again breed with the dog . There is one circumstance, however, which seems to See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark a difference between the two animals: the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye of the ' dog of every See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country and See also:

• SPECIES

species has a circular See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, but the position or See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the pupil is oblique in the wolf . W . Youatt says there is also a marked difference in the See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper and habits of the two . The dog is generally easily managed, and although H . C . See also:

• BROOKE, FRANCES (1724-1789)
• BROOKE, FULKE OREVILLE, 1ST BARON (1554-1628)
• BROOKE, HENRY (c. 1703-1783)
• BROOKE, SIR JAMES (1803-1868)
• BROOKE, STOPFORD AUGUSTUS (1832– )

Brooke of Welling, See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, succeeded in making a wolffairly tractable, the experience of others has been the See also:

• REVERSE

reverse of encouraging . G . See also:

• CUVIER, GEORGES LEOPOLD CHRETIEN FREDERIC DAGOBERT, BARON (1769-1832)

Cuvier gives an interesting See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young wolf which, having been trained to follow his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, showed See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection and submission scarcely inferior to the domesticated dog .

During the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home of his owner the wolf was sent to a See also:

• MENAGERIE

menagerie, but pined for his master and would scarcely take any See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food for a considerable See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . At length, however, he became attached to his keepers and appeared to have forgotten his former See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate . At the end of eighteen months his master returned, and, the moment his See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice was heard, the wolf recognized him and lavished on him the most affectionate caresses . A still longer separation followed, but the wolf again remembered his old associate and showed See also:

• GREAT

great affection upon his return . Such an association proves that there is very little difference between the dog and the wolf in recognition of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man as an See also:

• OBJECT

object of affection and veneration . H . C . Brooke succeeded in training his wolf so well that it was no uncommon sight to see the latter following his master like a dog . The wolf did not like strangers, however, and was very shy in their presence . In the Old and New Testaments the dog is spoken of almost with abhorrence; it ranked amongst the unclean beasts: See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic in it was considered as an See also:

• ABOMINATION (from Lat. ab, from, and orninare, to .fore-bode)

abomination, and it was forbidden to he offered in the See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary in the See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge of any See also:

• VOW (Lat. votum, vow, promise: cf. VOTE)

vow . See also:

• PART

Part of the Jewish See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual was the preservation of the Israelites from the See also:

• IDOLATRY

idolatry which at that time prevailed among every other See also:

• PEOPLE

people . See also:

• DOGS, ISLE OF

Dogs were held in considerable veneration by the Egyptians, from whose tyranny the Israelites had just escaped; figures of them appeared on the friezes of most of the temples, and they were regarded as emblems of the divine being .

See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, speaking of the sanctity in which some animals were held by the Egyptians, says that the people of every See also:

• FAMILY

family in which a dog died shaved themselves—their expression of See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning—adding that this was a See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of his own time . The cause of this See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to and veneration for the dog is, however, explained in a far more probable and pleasing way than by many of the fables of See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology . The prosperity of See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, and almost the very subsistence of its inhabitants, depended upon the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual overflowing of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile; and they looked for it with the utmost anxiety . Its approach was announced by the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of a certain See also:

• STAR

star, Sirius, and as soon as that star was seen above the See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon the people hastened to remove their flocks to the higher ground and abandoned the lower pastures to the fertilizing See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the stream . They hailed it as their guard and See also:

• PROTECTOR

protector; and, associating with its apparent watchfulness the well-known fidelity of the dog, they called it the " dog-star " and worshipped it . It was in far later periods and in other countries that the appearance of the dog-star was regarded as the See also:

• SIGNAL

signal of insufferable See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat or prevalent disease . In See also:

• ETHIOPIA, or AETHIOPIA (Gr. AlOtoaia)

Ethiopia, not only was great veneration paid to the dog, but the inhabitants used to elect a dog as their See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king . It was kept in great See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, and surrounded by a numerous See also:

• TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

train of See also:

• OFFICERS

officers and See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

guards: when it fawned upon them it was supposed to be pleased with their proceedings; when it growled, it disapproved of the manner in which their See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was See also:

• CON

con-ducted . Such indications of will were implicitly obeyed, or were translated by the worshippers as their own caprice or See also:

• INTEREST

interest indicated . Even r000 years after this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, the dog was highly esteemed in Egypt for its sagacity and other excellent qualities; for when See also:

• PYTHAGORAS
• PYTHAGORAS (6th century B.C.)

Pythagoras, after his return from Egypt, founded a new See also:

• SECT

sect in See also:

• GREECE

Greece, and at Croton in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, he taught, with the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian philosophers, that at the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• BODY

body the soul entered into that of various animals . After the death of any of his favourite disciples he would hold a dog to the mouth of the man in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to receive the departing spirit, saying that there was no See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal which could perpetuate his virtues better than that quadruped . It was in order to preserve the Israelites from errors and follies of this See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, and to prevent the possibility of such idolatry being established, that the dog was afterwards regarded with utter abhorrence amongst the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, and this feeling prevailed during the continuance of the Israelites in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine .

The See also:

• HINDUS

Hindus also regard the dog as unclean, and submit to various purifications if they accidentally come in contact with it, believing that every dog is animated by a wicked and See also:

• MALIGNANT (Lat. malignus, evil-disposed, from maligenus)

malignant spirit condemned to do See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance in that form for crimes committed in a previous state of existence . In every See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan and See also:

• HINDU

Hindu country the most scurrilous epithet bestowed on a European or a See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian is " a dog," and that accounts for the fact that in the whole of the Jewish See also:

• HISTORY

history there .is not a single allusion to See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting with dogs . Mention is made of nets and snares, but the dog does not seem to have been used in the pursuit of See also:

• GAME

game . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early periods of the history of other countries this seems to have been the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case even where the dog was esteemed and valued, and had become the See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion, the friend and the defender of man and his home; and in the 2nd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century of the Christian era See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian wrote that there is as much difference between a See also:

• FAIR

fair trial of See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed in a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good run, and ensnaring a poor animal without an effort, as between the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret piratical assaults of robbers at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea and the victorious See also:

• NAVAL

naval engagements of the Athenians at Artemisium and at See also:

• SALAMIS

Salamis." The first hint of the employment of the dog in the pursuit of other animals is given by See also:

• OPPIAN (Gr. 'Oaacavos)

Oppian in his Cynegetica, who attributes it to See also:

• POLLUX, JULIUS
• POLLUX, or POLLUCITE

Pollux about 200 years after the promulgation of the Levitical See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law . The precise species of dog that was cultivated in Greece at that early period cannot be affirmed, although a beautiful piece of See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Feversham at Duncombe See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, representing the favourite dog of See also:

• ALCIBIADES (c. 450-404 B.c.)

Alcibiades, differs but little from the See also:

• NEWFOUNDLAND

Newfoundland dog of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . In the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum is another piece of early sculpture from the ruins of the See also:

• VILLA

villa of See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus, near See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The greyhound puppies which it represents are identical with a See also:

• BRACE (through the Fr. from the plural of the Lat. bracchium, the arm)
• BRACE, CHARLES LORING (1826-189o)
• BRACE, JULIA (1806-1884)

brace of saplings of the present day . In the early periods of their history the Greeks depended too much on their nets to See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture game, and it was not until later times that they pursued their See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey with dogs, and then not with greyhounds, which run by sight, but with beagles, the See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf hound which is still very popular . Later, mention is made of large and ferocious dogs which were employed to guard See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, or to See also:

• WATCH (in O. Eng. wcecce, a keeping guard or watching, from wacian, to guard, watch, wacan, to wake)

watch at the See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, or even to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as a companion, and G . Cuvier expresses the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion that the dog exhibits the most See also:

• COMPLETE

complete and the most useful See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest that man has made . Each individual is entirely devoted to his master, adopts his See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, distinguishes and defends his See also:

• PROPERTY

property, and remains attached to him even unto death; and all this springs not from See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity nor from constraint, but simply from gratitude and true friendship . The swiftness, the strength and the highly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of See also:

• SCENT

scent in the dog, have made it a powerful ally of man against the other animals; and perhaps these qualities in the dog were necessary to the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of society .

Instances of dogs having saved the lives of their owners by that See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• INTUITION (from Lat. intueri, to look at)

intuition of approaching danger which they appear to possess, or by their See also:

• PROTECTION

protection, are innumerable: their attachment to man has inspired the poet and formed the subject of many notable books, while in See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel's Rural See also:

• SPORTS
• SPORTS, THE BOOK OF

Sports is related a See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of a dog dying in the fulness of joy caused by the return of his master after a two years' absence from home . It is not improbable that all dogs sprang from one common source, but See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, food and See also:

• CROSS

cross-breeding caused See also:

• VARIATIONS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS
• VARIATIONS, CALCULUS OF

variations of form which suggested particular uses, and these being either designedly or accidentally perpetuated, the various breeds of dogs arose, and became numerous in proportion to the progress of See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization . Among the ruder or See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage tribes they possess but one form; but the ingenuity of man has devised many inventions to increase his comforts; he has varied and multiplied the characters and kinds of domestic animals for the same purpose, and hence the various breeds of horses, cattle and dogs . The See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent stock it is now impossible to trace; but the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild dog, wherever found on the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• ASIA

Asia, or See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, has nearly the same See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and bears no inconsiderable resemblance to the British dog of the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary type; while many of those from the southern hemisphere can scarcely be distinguished from the cross-bred poaching dog, the lurcher . Dogs were first classified into three See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups:—(r) Those having the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head more or less elongated, and the parietal bones of the See also:

• SKULL

skull widest at the See also:

• BASE

base and gradually approaching towards each other as they ascend, the condyles of the lower See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw being on the same See also:

• LINE

line with the upper molar See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth . The greyhound and all its varieties belong to this class . (2) The head moderately elongated and the parietals diverging from each other for a certain space as they rise upon the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the head, enlarging the cerebral cavity and the frontal sinus . To this class belong most of the useful dogs, such as the spaniel, the setter, the pointer and the sheepdog . (3) The muzzle more or less shortened, the frontal sinus enlarged, and the cranium elevated and diminished in capacity . To this class belong some of the terriers and most of the See also:

• TOY
• TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL (1836– )

toy dogs . Later, however, "See also:

• STONEHENGE (Sax. Slanhengist, hanging stones)

Stonehenge" (J . H .

See also:

• WALSH, JOHN HENRY (1810-1888)
• WALSH, PETER [VALESIUS] (c. 1618-1688)
• WALSH, WILLIAM (1663—1708)

Walsh), in British Rural Sports, classified dogs as follows: (a) Dogs that find game for man, leaving him to kill it himself—the pointer, setters, spaniels and See also:

• WATER

water spaniels . (b) Dogs which kill game when found for them—the English greyhound . (c) Dogs which find and also kill their game—the bloodhound, the foxhound, the See also:

• HARRIER

harrier, the beagle, the 'otterhound, the See also:

• FOX
• FOX, C
• FOX, CHARLES JAMES (1749-1806)
• FOX, EDWARD (c. 1496-1538)
• FOX, GEORGE (1624-1691)
• FOX, RICHARD (c. 1448-1528)
• FOX, ROBERT WERE (1789—1877)
• FOX, SIR STEPHEN (1627–1716)
• FOX, SIR WILLIAM (1812-1893)

fox terrier and the See also:

• TRUFFLE (from Med. F r. trufle, a variant of truffe, generally taken to be for tafie, from Lat. tuber, an esculent root, a tuber, cf. Ital tartufo, truffle, from Lat. torae tuber; another Ital. form tartufola gave Ger. Tartoffel, dissimilated to Kartoffel

truffle dog . (d) Dogs which retrieve game that has been wounded by man—the retriever, the deerhound . (e) Useful companions of man-the mastiff, the Newfoundland, the St See also:

• BERNARD, CHARLES DE
• BERNARD, CLAUDE (1813-1878)
• BERNARD, JACQUES (1658--1718)
• BERNARD, MOUNTAGUE (1S2o—1882)
• BERNARD, SAINT
• BERNARD, SAINT (Iogo-1153)
• BERNARD, SIMON (1779—1839)
• BERNARD, SIR THOMAS, BART

Bernard dog, the bulldog, the See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull terrier, terriers, sheepdogs, Pomeranian or Spitz, and Dalmatian dogs . (j) Ladies' toy dogs—King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles spaniel, the See also:

• BLENHEIM (Ger. Blindheim)

Blenheim spaniel, the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian greyhound, the pug dog, the Maltese dog, toy terriers, toy poodles, the See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion dog, See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese and See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese spaniels . In 1894 See also:

• MODERN

Modern Dogs (Rawdon B . See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee) was issued, the See also:

• SIMPLE

simple See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification of sporting and non-sporting dog-terriers and toy dogs, being adopted; but although there had been an understanding since 1874, when the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume of the See also:

• KENNEL

Kennel See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club See also:

• STUD

Stud See also:

• BOOK

Book (See also:

• FRANK, JAKOB (1726-1791)

Frank C . S . See also:

• PEARCE, CHARLES SPRAGUE (1851– )

Pearce) was issued, as to the identity of the two great divisions of dogs, an incident at See also:

• ALTRINCHAM, or ALTRINGIIAM (and so pronounced)

Altrincham Show in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 19oo—an exhibitor entering a See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian wolfhound in both the sporting and non-sporting competitions—made it necessary for authoritative See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information to be given as to how the breeds should be separated . Following petitions to the Kennel Club from exhibitors at the club's own show at the Crystal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

Palace, and also at the show of the Scottish Kennel Club in See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh during the autumn of 1900, the divisions were decided upon as follows: Sporting.—Bloodhound, otterhound, foxhound, harrier, beagle, See also:

• BASSET, or BASSETTE

basset hound (smooth and rough), dachshund, greyhound, deerhound, Borzoi, Irish wolfhound, whippet, pointer, setter (English, Irish and See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black and tan), retriever (See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat-coated, See also:

• CURLY, JEAN NICOLAS (1774-1827)

curly-coated and Labrador), spaniel (Irish water, water other than Irish, Clumber, See also:

• SUSSEX
• SUSSEX, EARLS OF
• SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF (SO Seaxe, i.e. the South Saxons)
• SUSSEX, THOMAS RADCLYFFE [or RATCLYFFE], 3RD EARL OF (c. 1525-1583)

Sussex, See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, English See also:

• SPRINGER (Fr. rein)
• SPRINGER, ANTON HEINRICH (1825–1891)

springer, other than Clumber, Sussex and field: Welsh springer, red and See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white and See also:

• COCKER, EDWARD (1631-1675)

Cocker); fox terriers (smooth- and See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-coated); Irish terrier, Scotch terrier, Welsh terrier, Dandie Dinmont terrier, See also:

• SKYE

Skye terrier (prick-eared and drop-eared), Airedale terrier and See also:

• BEDLINGTON

Bedlington terrier . Non-Sporting.—Bulldog, bulldog (See also:

• MINIATURE

miniature), mastiff; Great Dane, Newfoundland (black, white and black, or other than black), St Bernard (rough and smooth), Old English sheepdog, collie (rough and smooth), Dalmatian, poodle, bull terrier, white English terrier, black and tan terrier, toy spaniel (King Charles See also:

• CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car black and tan, Blenheim, See also:

• RUBY (Lat. rubeus, red)

ruby or red and tricolour), Japanese, Pekingese, See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire terrier, Maltese, Italian greyhound, chow-chow, black and tan terrier (miniature), Pomeranian, pug (fawn and black), Schipperke, Griffon Bruxellois, See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign dogs (bouledogues See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais, See also:

• ELK

elk-hounds, Eskimos, See also:

• LHASA (LIIASSA, LASSA, " God's ground ")

Lhasa terriers, See also:

• SAMOYEDES

Samoyedes and any other varieties not mentioned under this heading) .

On the 4th of May 1898 a sub-See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee of the Kennel Club decided that the following breeds should be classified as " toy dogs ":—Black and tan terriers (under 7 b), bull terriers (under 8 lb), griffons, Italian greyhounds, Japanese, Maltese, Pekingese, poodles (under 15 in.), pugs, toy spaniels, Yorkshire terriers and Pomeranians . All these varieties were represented at the annual show of the Kennel Club in the autumn of 1905, and at the representative See also:

• EXHIBITION

exhibition of See also:

• AMERICA

America held under the management of the See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster Kennel Club in the following See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring the classification was substantially the same, additional breeds, however, being See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston terriers—practically unknown in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England,—Chesapeake See also:

• BAY

Bay dogs, Chihuahuas, Papillons and Roseneath terriers . The latter were only recently introduced into the See also:

• UNITED

United States, though well known in Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain as the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Highland or Poltalloch terrier; an application which was made (1900) by some of their admirers for See also:

• SEPARATE

separate classification was refused by the Kennel Club, but afterwards it was granted, the breed being classified as the West Highland white terrier . The establishment of shows at See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle-on-See also:

• TYNE

Tyne in See also:

• JUNE

June 1859 secured for dogs See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention which had been denied them up to that time, although sportsmen had appreciated their value for centuries and there had been public See also:

• COURSING (from Lat. cursus, currere, to run)

coursing meetings since the reign of Charles I . Lord See also:

• ORFORD
• ORFORD, EDWARD RUSSELL, EARL OF (1653-1727)
• ORFORD, ROBERT WALPOLE, 1ST EARL OF (1676-1745)

Orford, however, established the first club at Marham Smeeth near See also:

• SWAFFHAM

Swaffham, where coursing is still carried on, in 1776 . The members were in number confined to that of the letters in the See also:

• ALPHABET (see also WRITING)

alphabet; and when any vacancy happened it was filled up by See also:

• BALLOT (from Ital. ballotta, dim. of balla, a ball)

ballot . On the decease of the founder of the club, the members agreed to See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase a See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup to be run for annually, and it was intended to pass from one to the other, like the See also:

• WHIP

whip at See also:

• NEWMARKET

Newmarket, but before starting for it, in the See also:

• YEAR

year 1792, it was decided that the winner of the cup should keep it and that one should be annually See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased to be run for in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November . At the formation of the club each member assumed a See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, and also a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter, which he used as the initial of his dog's name . The Newcastle dog show of 1859 was promoted by Mr Pape—a See also:

• LOCAL

local sporting gunmaker—and Mr Shorthose, and although only pointers and setters were entered for in two classes immense interest was taken in the show . But neither the promoters nor the sportsmen who supported it could have had the faintest See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea as to how popular dog shows would become . The See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges at that historic gathering were: Messrs J . Jobling (See also:

• MORPETH

Morpeth), T .

See also:

• ROBSON, STUART (1836-1903)

Robson (Newcastle-on-Tyne) and J . H . Walsh (See also:

• LONDON

London) for pointers, and E . Foulger (See also:

• ALNWICK

Alnwick), R . Brailsford (Knowsley) and J . H . Walsh for the setters . Sixty dogs were shown, and it was said that such a collection had not been seen together before; while so even was the quality that the judges had great difficulty in making their awards . The prizes were sporting guns made by Mr Pape and presented by him to the promoters of the show . So great a success was scored that other shows were held in the same year at See also:

• BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham and Edinburgh; while the See also:

• CLEVELAND
• CLEVELAND (or CLEIVELAND), JOHN (1613—1658)
• CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709)
• CLEVELAND, STEPHEN GROVER (1837-1908)

Cleveland Agricultural Society also established a show of foxhounds at See also:

• REDCAR

Redcar, the latter being the forerunner of that very See also:

• FINE

fine show of hounds which is now held at See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough every summer and is looked upon as the out-of-See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season society gathering of hunting men and See also:

• WOMEN

women . Mr Brailsford was the secretary of the show at Birmingham, and he had classes for pointers, English and Irish setters, retrievers and Clumber spaniels . Another big success was scored, and the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Dog Show Society was established for the purpose of holding a show of sporting dogs in Birmingham every See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter .

Three years later proposals were made in The Field to promote public trials of pointers and setters over game, but it was not until the 18th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1865 that a further step was taken in the recognition of the value of the dog by the promotion of working trials . They were held at Southill, near See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford, on the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of S . See also:

• WHITBREAD, SAMUEL (1758-1815)

Whitbread, M.P., and they attracted great interest . The order of See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure at the early field trials was similar to what it is to-day, only the awards were given in accordance with a See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale of points as follows: See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose, 4o; See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

pace and range, 30; temperament, 1o; staunchness before, 1o; behind, 1o . See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

Style of working was also taken into See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration . In 1865 a show was held in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, and after the National Dog Club—not the Birmingham society —had failed, as the result of a disastrous show at the Crystal Palace, a further exhibition was arranged to be held in June 187o under the management of G . Nutt and a very strong committee, among whom were many of the most noted owners of sporting dogs of that time . The details of the show were arranged by S . E . See also:

• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), JAMES (1596-1666)
• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), SIR ANTHONY (1565-c. 1635)
• SHIRLEY, WILLIAM (1694-1771)

Shirley and J . H . See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison, but the exhibition, although amost interesting one, was a failure, and the guarantors had to See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face a heavy loss .

A second venture proved to be a little more encouraging, although again there was a loss; but in April 1873, the Kennel Club, which is now the governing body of the canine See also:

• WORLD

world, was founded by S . E . Shirley, who, after acting as its chairman for many years, was elected the See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president, and occupied that position until his death in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1904 . His successor was the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CONNAUGHT
• CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK ALBERT, DUKE OF (1850– )

Connaught- and Strathearn; the See also:

• VICE

vice-presidents including the duke of See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland, Lord Algernon See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon See also:

• LENNOX
• LENNOX, CHARLOTTE (1720-1804)
• LENNOX, MARGARET, COUNTESS OF (1515-1578)

Lennox, J . H . See also:

• SALTER, JOHN WILLIAM (1820-1869)

Salter and H . See also:

• RICHARDS, ALFRED BATE (182o-1876)
• RICHARDS, HENRY BRINLEY (1819-1865)
• RICHARDS, WILLIAM TROST (1833-1905)

Richards . The progress of the club has been remarkable, and that its formation did much to improve the conditions of the various breeds of dogs, to encourage their use in the field by the promotion of working trials, and to check abuses which were common with regard to the See also:

• REGISTRATION

registration of pedigrees, &c., cannot be denied . The abolition of the cropping of the ears of Great Danes, bull terriers, black and tan terriers, white English terriers, Irish terriers and toy terriers, in 1889 gained the approval of all humane lovers of dogs, and although attempts have been made to induce the club to modify the See also:

• RULE

rule which prohibits the exhibition of cropped dogs, the practice has not been revived; it is declared, however, that the toy terriers and white English terriers have lost such smartness by the retention of the ears that they are becoming See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . The club has See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over all the shows held in the United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom, no fewer than 519 being held in 1905, the actual number of dogs which were entered at the leading See also:

• FIXTURES (Lat. figere, to fix)

fixtures being: Kennel Club show 1789, Cruft's 1768, Ladies' Kennel Association 1306, See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester 1190, Edinburgh 896 and Birmingham 892 . In 1906, however, no fewer than 1956 dogs were entered at the show of the Westminster Kennel Club, held in See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison Square See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden, New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York; a fact proving that the show is as popular in America as it is in the United Kingdom, the home of the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement . The enormous sum of £1500 has been paid for a collie, and l000 guineas for a bulldog, both show dogs pure and simple; while £50o is no uncommon See also:

• PRICE
• PRICE, BARTHOLOMEW (1818–1898)
• PRICE, BONAMY (1807-1888)
• PRICE, RICHARD (1723-1791)

price for a fox terrier .

Excepting for greyhounds, however, high prices are rarely offered for sporting dogs, 300 guineas for the pointer " See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

Coronation " and 200 guineas for the retriever " High Legh See also:

• BLARNEY

Blarney " being the best reported prices for See also:

• GUN

gun dogs during the last few years . The foreign and colonial clubs which are affiliated to the Kennel Club are: the See also:

• GUERNSEY (Fr. Guernesey)

Guernsey Dog Club, the Italian Kennel Club, the See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey Dog Club, La Societe Centrale (Paris),