DOGMATIC See also:

• THEOLOGY

THEOLOGY  , the name usually given in See also:

• MODERN

modern times to the systematic study of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine or of See also:

• DOGMA (Gr. Sbypa, from b6aeiv, to seem; literally " that which seems, sc. good or true or useful " to any one)

dogma in the widest sense possible (see DOGMA) . Among the many terms used in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early days of See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology to denote the See also:

• GREAT

great systems, three deserve See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• NOTICE

notice—Thetic Theology, See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

Positive Theology, Dogmatic Theology . "Thetic theology " is connected with See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic See also:

• LIFE

life . It recalls the literal and See also:

• ORIGINAL

original meaning of See also:

• GRADUATION (see also GRADUATE)

graduation " theses," also See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther's memorable theses and the replies made to him . " Thetic theology," a name now obsolete, naturally included the whole of doctrine, i.e. what-ever would be argued for or against; and " dogmatic theology " came into use absolutely as a synonymous expression . " Positive theology " is also a See also:

• TERM

term employed by See also:

• PETAU, DENYS (1583-1652)

Petau (De theologicis dogmatibus, 1644–1650), and more or less current even to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic scholarship (e.g . See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Turmel, Histoire de la theologie positive, 1906) . " Dogmatic theology " proved to have most vitality in it . After some partial precedents of early date (e.g . F . Turrianus—one of the papal theologians at the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent,—Dogmaticus (See also:

• LIBER

liber?) de Justificatione, '557), the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title was used in 1659 by the Lutheran Lukas See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich Reinhard (1623–'688), See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of theology at See also:

• ALTDORF

Altdorf (Synopsis theologiae dogmaticae, eds . 1659, '66o, x661), and his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence is already seen on the Reformed theologian Andreas See also:

• VAN

van See also:

• ESSEN

Essen (Essenius, '6'8–1677), who, in 1659, published his Systematis theologiae pars See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior, the tomus See also:

• SECUNDUS, JOHANNES
• SECUNDUS, PUBLIUS POMPONIUS

secundus in '661, but Systematis dogmatici tomus tertius et ultimus in x665 .

The same author published a shorter Compendium theologiae dogmaticum in 1669 . A . M . See also:

• FAIRBAIRN, ANDREW MARTIN (1838- )
• FAIRBAIRN, SIR WILLIAM

Fairbairn holds that it was the fame of Petau which gave currency to the new coinage " dogmatic theology "; and though the same or kindred phrases had been used repeatedly by writers of less influence since Reinhard and Essenius, F . See also:

• BUDDEUS, JOHANN FRANZ (1667-1729)

Buddeus (Institutiones theol. dogmat., 1723; Compendium, 1728) is held to have given the expression its supremacy . See also:

• NOEL, RODEN BERKELEY WRIOTHESLEY (1834-1894)

Noel See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

Alexandre, the Gallican divine, possibly introduced it in the Roman Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church (1693; Theologia dogmatics et moralis) . Both Roman Catholic and Protestant authorities agree that the expression was connected with the new See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of distinguishing dogmatics from Christian See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics or moral theology, though A . Schweizer denies this of Reinhard . In another direction dogmas and dogmatic theology were also contrasted with truths of See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason and natural theology.' F . E . D . See also:

• SCHLEIERMACHER, FRIEDRICH DANIEL ERNST (1768-1834)

Schleiermacher, in his Kurze Darstellung See also:

• DES

des theologischen Studiums, and again in his great See also:

• SYSTEM

System, Der christliche Glaube . dargestellt, ingeniously proposed to treat dogmatic as an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical statement, or See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report, of beliefs held in For " mixed articles " see DOGMA .

the writer's communion at the‘-See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing . He also insisted, however, upon See also:

• PERSONAL

personal conviction in writers on dogmatic . The expression Glaubenslehre—doctrine of faith—which he did much to bring into a wider currency, and which Schweizer, the most loyal of all his disciples, holds to be alone fitted for Protestant use, emphasizes the latter requirement . But " dogmatic " has also continued in use among Protestant theologians of the See also:

• LEFT

Left no less than among the orthodox . When we consider the different attitude towards dogma of Roman Catholicism, we feel See also:

• CON

con-strained to question whether the expression " dogmatic theology " can be equally suitable for both communions . Roman theologians may properly define dogmatic as the scientific study of dogmas; Protestant scholars have come to use " dogma " in ways which make that impossible . Indeed, many of them bid us regard " dogmatic " as falling under the See also:

• HISTORY

history of theology and not of dogma (see DOGMA) . Still, usage is decisive . It will be impossible to uproot the phrase " dogmatic theology " among Protestants . When A . See also:

• HARNACK, ADOLF (1851– )

Harnack I praises Schleiermacher's description of dogmatic as " historical," he rather strains the meaning of the remark, and creates fresh confusion . Harnack's point is that " dogmatic theology " ought to be used in a sense corresponding to what he regards as the true meaning of " dogma "—Christian belief in its See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main traditional outlines .

This claim is an innovation, and finds no precedent in Schleiermacher . The latter regarded dogmatic as stating in scientific connexion "the doctrine prevailing in a (single) Christian church at a given time "—as " not merely historical (geschichtlich)," but containing an " apologetic See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element "--as "not confined to the symbolical books, but" including all—even See also:

• LOCAL

local expressions of the See also:

• COMMON

common faith which produce no See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony—and as having for its " very business and task " to "purify and perfect" doctrine (Der christliche Glaube, § 19) . The one merit which " dogmatic " may claim as a term in Protestant theology is that it contrasts positive statements of belief with See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere reports (e.g . Biblical theology; history of doctrine) of what has been taught in the past .