DOST MAHOMMED See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

KHAN (1793-1863)  , founder of the See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of the Barakzai in See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1793 . His See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Barakzai, Fatteh See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, took an important See also:

• PART

part in raising Mahmud to the See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the See also:

• THRONE

throne in 18og . That ruler repaid his services by causing him to be assassinated in 1818, and thus incurred the enmity of his tribe . After a bloody conflict Mahmud was deprived of all his possessions but See also:

• HERAT

Herat, the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his dominions being divided among Fatteh Khan's See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers . Of these Dost Mahommed received for his See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share See also:

• GHAZNI

Ghazni, to which in 1826 he added See also:

• KABUL

Kabul, the richest of the Afghan provinces . From the commencement of his reign he found himself involved in disputes with Ranjit Singh, the See also:

• SIKH

Sikh ruler of the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab, who used the dethroned Saduzai See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince, Shuja-ul-Mulk, as his See also:

• INSTRUMENT (Lat. instrumentum, from insincere, to build up, furnish, arrange, prepare)

instrument . In 1834 Shuja made a last See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to recover his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . He was defeated by Dost Mahommed under the walls of See also:

• KANDAHAR

Kandahar, but Ranjit Singh seized the opportunity to annex See also:

• PESHAWAR

Peshawar . The recovery of this fortress became the Afghan See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir's See also:

• GREAT

great concern . Rejecting overtures from See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, he endeavoured to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and welcomed See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER (1805–1841)

Burnes to Kabul in 1837• Burnes, however, was unable to prevail on the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• AUCKLAND
• AUCKLAND, GEORGE EDEN, EARL OF (1784-1849)
• AUCKLAND, WILLIAM EDEN, 1ST BARON (1745-1814)

Auckland, to See also:

• RESPOND

respond to the amir's advances . Dost Mahommed was enjoined to abandon the attempt to recover Peshawar, and to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place his See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign policy under See also:

• BRITISH

British guidance . In return he was only promised See also:

• PROTECTION

protection from Ranjit Singh, of 1 " See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Vorfahren der Schollen," Biol .

Centralbl. xxii . (1902), p . 717 . 2 " On the systematic position of the Pleuronectidae," See also:

• ANN

Ann. and Meg . N . H. x . (1902), p . 295 . 3 " On the number and arrangement of the bony plates of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• DORY, or JOHN DORY (Zeus faber)

Dory," Biometrika, ii . (1902), p . 115.whom he had no fear . He replied by renewing his relations with Russia, and in 1838 Lord Auckland set the British troops in See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion against him .

In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1839 the British force under See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• WILLOUGHBY

Willoughby See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton advanced through the Bolan Pass, and on the 26th of See also:

• APRIL

April it reached Kandahar . Shah Shuja was proclaimed amir, and entered Kabul on the 7th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, while Dost Mahommed sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge in the wilds of the See also:

• HINDU

Hindu Kush . Closely followed by the British, Dost was driven to extremities, and on the 4th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 184o surrendered as a prisoner . He remained in captivity during the British occupation, during the disastrous See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of occupation in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1842, and until the recapture of Kabul in the autumn of 1842 . He was then set at See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty, in consequence of the resolve of the British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to abandon the attempt to intervene in the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal politics of Afghanistan . On his return from Hindustan Dost Mahommed was received in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph at Kabul, and set himself to re-establish his authority on a See also:

• FIRM

firm basis . From 1846 he renewed his policy of hostility to the British and allied himself with the Sikhs; but after the defeat of his See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies at See also:

• GUJRAT

Gujrat on the 21st of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1849 he abandoned his designs and led his troops back into Afghanistan . In 1850 he conquered See also:

• BALKH

Balkh, and in 1854 he acquired See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Afghan tribes by the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Kandahar . On the 3oth of March 1855 Dost Mahommed reversed his former policy by concluding an offensive and defensive alliance with the British government . In 1857 he declared See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war on See also:

• PERSIA

Persia in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with the British, and in See also:

• JULY

July a treaty was concluded by which the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Herat was placed under a Barakzai prince . During the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny Dost Mahommed punctiliously refrained from assisting the insurgents . His later years were disturbed by troubles at Herat and in See also:

• BOKHARA (Bokhara-i-Sherif)
• BOKHARA, or BUKHARA (the common central Asian pronunciation is Bukhara)

Bokhara .

These he composed for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, but in 1862 a See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian army, acting in See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert with Ahmad Khan, advanced against Kandahar . The old amir called the British to his aid, and, putting himself at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of his warriors, drove the enemy from his frontiers . On the 26th of May 1863 he captured Herat, but on the 9th of See also:

• JUNE

June he died suddenly in the midst of victory, after playing a great role in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia for See also:

• FORTY

forty years . He named as his successor his son, Shere See also:

• ALI

Ali Khan . (E . I .