See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

DOVE (Dutch duyve, See also:

• DAN

Dan. due, See also:

• ICE (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Eis)

Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)  , a name most commonly applied by ornithologists to the smaller members of the See also:

• GROUP

group of birds usually called pigeons (Columbae); but no See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp distinction can be See also:

• DRAWN

drawn between pigeons and doves, and in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general. literature the two words are used almost indifferently, while no one See also:

• SPECIES

species can be pointed out to which the word See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

dove, taken alone, seems to be absolutely proper . The largest of the group to which the name is applicable is perhaps the See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring-dove, or See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• PIGEON

pigeon, also called in many parts of See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain cushat and queest (See also:

• COLUMBA, SAINT (Irish, Colum)

Columba -palumbus, Linn.), a very See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• BIRD

bird throughout the See also:

• BRITISH

British Islands and most parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . It associates in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter in large flocks, the See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of which (owing partly to the destruction of predaceous animals, but still more to the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture, and the growth of plantations in many districts that were before treeless) have increased enormously . In former days, when the breadth of See also:

• LAND

land in Britain under See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green crops was comparatively small, these birds found little See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food in the dead See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, and this scarcity was a natural check on their superabundance . But since the extended cultivation of turnips and See also:

• PLANTS

plants of similar use the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case is altered, and perhaps at no See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the See also:

• YEAR

year has provender become more plentiful than in winter . The ring-dove may be easily distinguished from other See also:

• EUROPEAN

European species by its larger See also:

• SIZE

size, and especially by the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white spot on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of its See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck, forming a nearly continuous " ring," whence the bird takes its name, and the large white patches in its wings, which are very conspicuous in See also:

• FLIGHT

flight . It breeds several times in the year, making for its See also:

• NEST

nest a slight See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform of sticks on the See also:

• HORIZONTAL

horizontal bough of a See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree, and laying therein two eggs—which, as in all the Columbae, are white . It is semi-domestic in the See also:

• LONDON

London parks . The stock-dove (C. aenas of most authors) is a smaller species, with many of the habits of the former, but breeding by preference in the See also:

• STOCKS

stocks of hollow- trees or in See also:

• RABBIT

rabbit-holes . It is darker in See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour than the ring-dove, without any white on its neck or wings, and is much less common and more locally distributed . The See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-dove (C. livia, Temm.) much resembles the stock-dove, but is of a lighter colour, with two See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black bars on its wings, and a white rump . In its See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state it haunts most of the rocky parts of the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Europe, from the Faeroes to the See also:

• CYCLADES

Cyclades, and, seldom going inland, is comparatively rare .

Yet, as it is without See also:

• CONTRADICTION, PRINCIPLE OF (principium contradictionis)

contradiction the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent-See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem of all British domestic pigeons, its numbers must far exceed those of both the former put together . In See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and various parts of See also:

• ASIA

Asia it is represented by what See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin has called " wild races," which are commonly accounted See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good " species " (C. schimperi, C. affinis, C. intermedia, C. leuconota, and so forth), though they differ from one another far less than do nearly all the domestic forms, of which more than 150 kinds that " breed true," and have been separately named, are known to exist . Very many of these, if found wild, would have unquestionably been ranked by the best ornithologists as distinct " species " and several of them would as undoubtedly have been placed in different genera .