See also:

• DOWER (through the Old Fr. douaire from late Lat. dotarium, classical Lat. dos, dowry)

DOWER (through the Old Fr. douaire from See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• LAT

Lat. dotarium, classical Lat. dos, See also:

• DOWRY (in Anglo-Fr. dowarie, O. Fr. douaire, Med. Lat. dotaria, from Lat. dos; from root of dare, to give; in Fr. dot)

dowry)  , in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, the See also:

• LIFE

life See also:

• INTEREST

interest of the widow in a third See also:

• PART

part of her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's lands . There were originally five kinds of See also:

• DOWER (through the Old Fr. douaire from late Lat. dotarium, classical Lat. dos, dowry)

dower: (1) at See also:

• COMMON

common law; (2) by See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom; (3) ad ostium ecclesiae, or at the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• PORCH (through the Fr. porehe, from Lat. porticus; the Ital. equivalent is portico, corresponding to the Gr. vapOi ; Ger. Vorhalle)

porch; (4) ex assensu patris; (5) de la plus belle . The last was a See also:

• CONVEYANCE

conveyance of See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure by See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight service, and was abolished in 166o, by the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act which did away with old tenures . Dower ad ostium ecclesiae, by which the See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

bride was dowered at the church porch (where all marriages used formerly to take See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place), and dower ex assensu patris, by the See also:

• FATHER

father of the bridegroom, though See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long obsolete, were formally abolished by the Dower Act 1834 . Dower is governed in the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom, so far as See also:

• WOMEN

women married after the 1st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1834 are concerned, by the Dower Act 1834, and under it only attaches on the husband's See also:

• DEATH

death to the lands which he actually possessed for an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his death . It must be claimed within twelve years of the time of its accrual, but only six years' arrears are recoverable . The wife is also entitled to dower out of equitable estates, but See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint estates are exempt . By the act the wife's dower is placed completely under her husband's See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control . It does not attach to any See also:

• LAND

land actually disposed of by him in his lifetime or by his will, nor to any land from which he has declared by See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed his wife shall not be entitled to dower . He may also defeat her right, either as to any particular land or to all his lands, by a See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration in his will; while it is subject to all the deceased husband's debts and contracts, and to any partial estates which he may have created during his life or by his will . A widow See also:

• TENANT (from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenant in dower may make leases for twenty-one years under the Settled Estates Act 1878 . See also:

• FREE

Free-See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench is an analogous right in regard to See also:

• COPYHOLD

copyhold land; it does not fall within the Dower Act 1834, and varies with the custom of each See also:

• MANOR

manor .

At common law, and See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior to the act of 1834, dower was of a very different nature . The wife's right attached, while the husband was still living, to any land whereofhe was solely seised in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession (excluding equitable and joint estates) for an estate of inheritance at any time during the continuance of the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, provided that any See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child the wife might have had could have been See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir to the same, even though no child was actually See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born . When once this right had attached it adhered to the lands, notwithstanding any See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale or devise the husband might make; nor was it liable for his debts . In this way dower proved an obstacle to the free See also:

• ALIENATION (from Lat. alienus, belonging to another)

alienation of land, for it was necessary for a husband wishing to make a valid conveyance to obtain the consent of his wife releasing her right to dower . This See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release was only effected by a See also:

• FINE

fine, the wife being separately examined . Often, by See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason of the expense involved, the wife's concurrence was not obtained, and thus the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of the purchaser was defective during the wife's lifetime . The See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of a See also:

• JOINTURE

jointure by the wife before marriage was, however, destructive of dower, if after marriage she was put to her See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election between it and dower . By the ingenuity of the old conveyancers, devices, known as " uses to See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar dower " (the effect of which was that the purchaser never had at any time an estate of inheritance in possession), were found to prevent dower attaching to newly See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased lands, and so to enable the owner to give a clear title, without the need of the wife's concurrence, in the event of his wishing, in his turn, to convey the land . All this was, however, swept away by the Dower Act 1834, and a purchaser of land no longer need trouble himself to inquire whether the dower of the wife of the vendor has been barred, or to insist on her concurrence in a fine . (H . S .