See also:

• DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,

DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through See also:

• LAT

Lat. See also:

• DRACO (" the Dragon ")
• DRACO (7th century B.C.)

draco, from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form " See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

drake," " See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-drake,  " cf . See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Ger. and Swed. See also:

• DRAKE, NATHAN (1766-1836)
• DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1545-1595)

drake, See also:

• DAN

Dan. drage), a fabulous See also:

• MONSTER (Lat. monstrum, from root of monere, to warn; i.e. something terrible or portentous)
• MONSTER, GEORG, COUNT ZU (1776-1844)

monster, usually conceived as a huge winged See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-breathing See also:

• LIZARD (Lat. lacertal)

lizard or snake . In See also:

• GREECE

Greece the word 3paKwv was used originally of any large See also:

• SERPENT (Lat. serpens, creeping, from serpere; cf. "reptile " from repere, Gr.4 ml-eta)

serpent, and the See also:

• DRAGON (Fr. dragon, through Lat. draco, from the Greek; connected with SEpeoµay " see," and interpreted as " sharp-sighted "; O.H. Ger. tracho, dracho, M.H.G. trache, Mod. Ger. Drachen; A.S. draca, hence the equivalent English form " drake," " fire-drake,

dragon of See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, whatever shape it may have assumed, remains essentially a snake . For the See also:

• PART

part it has played in the myths and cults of various peoples and ages see the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article SERPENT-See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

WORSHIP . Here it may be said, in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, that in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, where See also:

• SNAKES

snakes are large and deadly (Chaldea, See also:

• ASSYRIA

Assyria, See also:

• PHOENICIA

Phoenicia, to a less degree in See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt), the serpent or dragon was symbolic of the principle of evil . Thus Apophis, in the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, was the See also:

• GREAT

great serpent of the See also:

• WORLD

world of darkness vanquished by Ra, while in See also:

• CHALDAEA

Chaldaea the goddess Tiamat, the See also:

• FEMALE

female principle of primeval See also:

• CHAOS

Chaos, took the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a dragon . Thus, too, in the See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew sacred books the serpent or dragon is the source of See also:

• DEATH

death and See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

sin, a conception which was adopted in the New Testament and so passed into See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian mythology . In Greece and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, while the See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of the serpent as an evil See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power found an entrance and gave See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth to a plentiful brood of terrors (the serpents of the Gorgons, See also:

• HYDRA
• HYDRA (or SDRA, NIDRA, IDERO, &c.; anc. Hydrea)
• HYDRA (watersnake)

Hydra, See also:

• CHIMAERA

Chimaera and the like), the dracontes were also at times conceived as beneficent See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp-eyed dwellers in the inner parts of the See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise to discover its secrets and utter them in oracles, or powerful to invoke as See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian genii . Such were the sacred snakes in the temples of See also:

• AESCULAPIUS (Gr. 'AoKXiprtos)

Aesculapius and the sacri dracontes in that of the See also:

• BONA (BONE)
• BONA, JOHN (1609-1674)

Bona Dea at Rome; or, as guardians, the See also:

• PYTHON

Python at See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi and the dragon of the See also:

• HESPERIDES

Hesperides . In general, however, the evil reputation of dragons was the stronger, and in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe it outlived the other . See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity, of course, confused the benevolent and malevolent serpent-deities of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient cults in a See also:

• COMMON

common condemnation . The very See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom of the serpent " made him suspect; the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil, said St See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine, " See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

leo et See also:

• DRACO (" the Dragon ")
• DRACO (7th century B.C.)

draco est; leo propter impetum, draco propter insidias." The dragon myths of the See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan East took new shapes in the legends of the victories of St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael and St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George; and the kindly snakes of the " See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good goddess " lived on in the immanissimus draco whose baneful activity in a See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

cave of the Capitol was cut See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short by the intervention of the saintly See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope See also:

• SILVESTER

Silvester I .

(See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne, See also:

• LIBER

Liber pontificalis, i . 109 seq.) . In this respect indeed Christian mythology found itself in See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony with that of the pagan See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North . The similarity of the See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern and Oriental snake myths seems to point to some common origin in an antiquity too remote to be explored . Whatever be the origin of the Northern dragon, the myths, when they first become articulate for us, show him to be in all essentials the same as that of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South and East . He is a power of evil, guardian of hoards, the greedy withholder of good things from men; and the slaying of a dragon is the crowning achievement of heroes—of Siegmund, of See also:

• BEOWULF

Beowulf, of See also:

• SIGURD (Sigur6r)

Sigurd, of See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur, of Tristram—even of See also:

• LANCELOT (Lancelot du Lac, or Lancelot of the Lake)

Lancelot, the beau ideal of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• CHIVALRY (O. Fr. chevalerie, from Late Lat. caballerius)

chivalry . Nor were these dragons anything but very real terrors, even in the imaginations of the Dragon Lizard (Draco taeniopterus) . learned, until comparatively See also:

• MODERN

modern times . As the See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste places were cleared, indeed, they withdrew farther from the haunts of men, and in Europe their last lurking-places were the in-accessible heights of the See also:

• ALPS

Alps, where they lingered till Jacques See also:

• BALMAIN

Balmain set the See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion which has finally relegated them to the See also:

• REALM

realm of myth . In the See also:

• WORKS

works of the older naturalists, even in the great Historia animalium of so See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical a spirit as See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad See also:

• GESNER
• GESNER, ABRAHAM (1797-1864)
• GESNER, JOHANN MATTHIAS (1691—1761)

Gesner (d . 1564), they still figure as part of the See also:

• FAUNA

fauna known to See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science . As to their form, this varied from the beginning .

The Chaldaean dragon Tiamat had four legs, a scaly See also:

• BODY

body, and wings . The Egyptian Apophis was a monstrous snake, as were also, originally at least, the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek dracontes . The dragon of the See also:

• APOCALYPSE
• APOCALYPSE (Gr. aaoKaXvti/hr, disclosure)
• APOCALYPSE, KNIGHTS OF THE

Apocalypse (Rev. xii . 3), " the old serpent," is many-headed, like the Greek Hydra . The dragon slain by Beowulf is a snake (See also:

• WORM

worm), for it " buckles like a See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow "; but that done to death by Sigurd, though its motions are heavy and snake-like, has legs, for he wounds it " behind the See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder." On the other hand, the dragon seen by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Arthur'in his dreams is, according to See also:

• MALORY, SIR THOMAS

Malory, winged and active, for it " swoughs " down fromthe See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky . The belief in dragons and the conceptions of their shape were undoubtedly often determined, in Europe as in See also:

• CHINA

China, by the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the remains of the gigantic See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct saurians . The qualities of dragons being protective and terror-inspiring, and their See also:

• EFFIGIES, MONUMENTAL

effigies highly decorative, it is natural that they should have been See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early used as warlike emblems . Thus, in See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer (Iliad xi . 36 seq.), See also:

• AGAMEMNON

Agamemnon has on his See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield, besides the See also:

• GORGON, GORGONS (Gr. Popyc'o, Fopyoves, the "terrible," or, according to some, the " loud-roaring ")

Gorgon's See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, a See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue three-headed snake (bpaKwv), just as ages afterwards the Norse warriors painted dragons on their See also:

• SHIELDS, JAMES (181b-1879)

shields and carved dragons' heads on the prows of their See also:

• SHIPS

ships . From the conquered Dacians, too, the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans in See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan's See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time borrowed the dragon See also:

• ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign which became the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of the See also:

• COHORT (Lat. cohors)

cohort as the See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle was that of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion; whence, by a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long descent, the modern See also:

• DRAGOON (Fr. dragon, Ger. Dragoner)

dragoon . Under the later East See also:

• ROMAN

Roman emperors the See also:

• PURPLE

purple dragon ensign became the ceremonial standard of the emperors, under the name of the bpaKOv'recov . The imperial fashion spread; or similar causes elsewhere produced similar results .

In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England before the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest the dragon was See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief among the royal ensigns in See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . Its origin, according to the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend pre-served in the See also:

• FLORES

Flores historiarum, was as follows . Uther See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

Pen-dragon, See also:

• FATHER

father of King Arthur, had a See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision of a flaming dragon in the sky, which his seers interpreted as meaning that he should come to the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . When this happened, after the death of . his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Aurelius, " he ordered two See also:

• GOLDEN

golden dragons to be fashioned, like to those he had seen in the circle of the See also:

• STAR

star, one of which he dedicated in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester, the other he kept by him to be carried into See also:

• BATTLE

battle." From Uther Dragon-head, as the See also:

• ENGLISH

English called him, the Anglo-Saxon See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings borrowed the ensign, their See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom being, according to the Flores, to stand in battle inter draconem et standardum . The dragon ensign, which was See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne before See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I. in 1191 when on crusade " to the terror of the See also:

• HEATHEN

heathen beyond the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea," was that of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy; but even after the loss of Normandy the dragon was the battle standard of English kings (signum See also:

• REGIUM (Gr. `Pi ytov: in Latin the aspirate is omitted)

regium quod Draconem vocant), and was displayed, e.g. by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III. in 1245 when he went to war against the Welsh . Not till the zoth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, under King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII., was the dragon officially restored as proper only to the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• RACE

race of Uther Pendragon, by its See also:

• INCORPORATION (from Lat. incorporare, to form into a body)

incorporation in the armorial See also:

• BEARINGS

bearings of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . As a See also:

• MATTER

matter of fact, however, the dragon ensign was common to nearly all nations, the See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason for its popularity being naively stated in the See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of Athis (quoted by Du Cange), " Ce souloient Romains See also:

• PORTER
• PORTER, BENJAMIN CURTIS (1843– )
• PORTER, DAVID (1780-1843)
• PORTER, DAVID DIXON (1813-1891)
• PORTER, ENDYMION (1587–1649)
• PORTER, HENRY (ft. 1596-1599)
• PORTER, HORACE (1837– )
• PORTER, JANE (1776–1850)
• PORTER, MARY (d. 1765)
• PORTER, NOAH (1811–1892)

porter, Ce nous fait See also:

• MOULT

moult A. redouter:" " This the Romans used to carry, This makes us very much to be feared." Thus the dragon and See also:

• WYVERN, or WIVERN

wyvern (i.e. a two-legged snake, M.E. wivere, See also:

• VIPER

viper) took their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as heraldic symbols (see See also:

• HERALDRY

HERALDRY) . As an ecclesiastical See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol it has remained consistent to the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . Wherever it is represented it means the principle of evil, the devil and his works . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages the chief of these works was See also:

• HERESY

heresy, and the dragon of the medieval See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church legends and See also:

• MYSTERY (Gr. µw(Trilpcov, from tcuvrm, an initiate, µfew, to shut the mouth)

mystery plays was usually heresy . Thus the knightly See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the vanquished dragon, instituted by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund in 1418, celebrated the victory of orthodoxy over See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HUSS (or Hus), JOHN (c. 1373-1415)

Huss . See also:

• HELL (0. Eng. hel, a Teutonic word from a root meaning " to cover," cf. Ger. Holle, Dutch hel)

Hell, too, is represented in medieval See also:

• ART

art as a dragon with gaping jaws belching fire .

Of the dragons carried in effigy in religious processions some have become famous, e.g. the Gargouille (See also:

• GARGOYLE, or GURGOYLE (from the Fr. gargouille, originally the throat or gullet, cf. Lat. gurgulio, gula, and similar words derived from root gar, to swallow, the word representing the gurgling sound of water; Ital. doccia di grande; Ger. Ausguss)

gargoyle) at See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, the Graiilly at See also:

• METZ

Metz, and the Tarasque at See also:

• TARASCON

Tarascon . Their popularity tended to disguise their evil significance and to restore to them something of the beneficent qualities of the ancient dracontes as See also:

• LOCAL

local tutelary genii . In the East, at the present day, the dragon is the See also:

• NATIONAL

national symbol of China and the badge of the imperial See also:

• FAMILY

family, and as such it plays a large part in See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese art . Chinese and See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese dragons, though regarded as powers of the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air, are wingless . They are among the deified forces of nature of the Taoist religion, and the shrines of the dragon-kings, who dwell partly in See also:

• WATER

water and partly on See also:

• LAND

land, are set along the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . The See also:

• CONSTELLATION (from the Lat. constellatus, studded with stars; co'n, with, and Stella, a star)

constellation Draco (anguis, See also:

• SER

ser pens) was probably so called from its fanciful likeness to a snake . Numerous myths, in various countries, are however connected with it . The general See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of these may be illustrated by the Greek See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story which explains the constellation as being the dragon of the Hesperides slain by Heracles and translated by See also:

• HERA

Hera or See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus to the heavens . See C . V . Daremberg and E . Saglio, Dictionnaire See also:

• DES

des antiquites grecques et romaines (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1886, &c.), s.v .

Draco "; Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopddie, s.v . " Drakon "; Du Cange, Glossarium, s.v . Draco "; La Grande Encyclopedie, s.v . " Dragon "; J . B . Panthot, Histoire des dragons et des escarboucles (See also:

• LYONS
• LYONS (Fr. Lyon)
• LYONS, COUNCILS OF
• LYONS, EDMUND LYONS, BARON (1790-1858)
• LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL LYONS, 1ST EARL (1817–1887)

Lyons, 1691) .