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MICHAEL DRAYTON (1563-1631)

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 558 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MICHAEL See also:DRAYTON (1563-1631)  , See also:English poet, was See also:born at Hartshill, near See also:Atherstone, in See also:Warwickshire in 1563 . Even in childhood it was his See also:great ambition to excel in See also:writing verses . At the See also:age of ten he was sent as See also:page into some great See also:family, and a little later he is supposed to have studied for some See also:time at See also:Oxford . See also:Sir See also:Henry Goodere of Powlesworth became his See also:patron, and introduced him to the countess of See also:Bedford, and for several years he was See also:esquire to Sir See also:Walter See also:Aston . How the See also:early See also:part of his See also:life was spent, however, we possess no means of ascertaining . It has been surmised that he served in the See also:army abroad . In 1590 he seems to have come up to See also:London, and to have settled there . In 1591 he produced his first See also:book, The See also:Harmony of the See also:Church, a See also:volume of spiritual poems, dedicated to See also:Lady Devereux . The best piece in this is a version of the See also:Song of See also:Solomon, executed with considerable richness of expression . A singular and now incomprehensible See also:fate befell the book; with the exception of See also:forty copies, seized by the See also:archbishop of See also:Canterbury, the whole edition was destroyed by public See also:order . It is probable that he had come up to See also:town laden with poetic writings, for he published a vast amount within the next few years . In 1593 appeared See also:Idea: The Shepherd's See also:Garland, a collection of nine pastorals, in which he celebrated his own love-sorrows under the poetic name of See also:Rowland .

The circumstances of this See also:

passion appear more distinctly in the See also:cycle of 64 sonnets, published in 1594, under the See also:title of Idea's See also:Mirror, by which we learn that the lady lived by the See also:river Ankor in Warwickshire . It appears that he failed to win his " Idea," and lived and died a See also:bachelor . In 1593 appeared the first of See also:Drayton's See also:historical poems, The See also:Legend of Piers See also:Gaveston, and the next See also:year saw the publication of See also:Matilda, an epical poem in See also:rhyme royal . It was about this time, too, that he brought out Endimion and See also:Phoebe, a volume which he never republished, but which contains some interesting autobiographical See also:matter, and acknowledgments of See also:literary help from See also:Lodge, if not from See also:Spenser and See also:Daniel also . In his Fig for See also:Momus, Lodge has reciprocated these friendly courtesies . In 1596 Drayton published his See also:long and important poem of Mortimerades, which deals with the See also:Wars of the See also:Roses, and is a very serious See also:production in ottava rima . He afterwards enlarged and modified this poem, and republished it in 1603 under the title of The Barons' Wars . In 1596 also appeared another historical poem, The Legend of See also:Robert, See also:Duke of See also:Normandy, with which Piers Gaveston was reprinted . In 1597 appeared See also:England's Heroical Epistles, a See also:series of historical studies, in See also:imitation of those of See also:Ovid . These last poems, written in the heroic See also:couplet, contain some of the finest passages in Drayton's writings . With the year 1597 the first See also:half of the poet's literary life closes . He had become famous by this rapid production of volumes, and he rested on his oars .

It would seem that he was much favoured at the See also:

court of See also:Elizabeth, and he hoped that it would be the same with her successor . But when, in 1603, he addressed a poem of compliment to See also:James I., on his See also:accession, it was ridiculed, and his services rudely rejected . His bitterness of spirit found expression in a See also:satire, The See also:Owl, which he printed in 1604, although he had no See also:talent in this See also:kind of See also:composition . Not much more entertaining was his scriptural narrative of See also:Moses in a See also:Map of his Miracles, a sort of epic in heroics printed the same year . In 1605 Drayton reprinted his most important See also:works, that is to say, his historical poems and the Idea, in a single volume which ran through eight See also:editions during his lifetime . He also collected his smaller pieces, hitherto unedited, in a volume undated, but probably published in 16o5, under the title of Poems Lyric and See also:Pastoral; these consisted of odes, eclogues, and a fantastic satire called The See also:Man in the See also:Moon . Some of the odes are extremely spirited . In this volume he printed for the first time the famous Ballad of See also:Agincourt . He had adopted as early as 1598 the extraordinary See also:resolution of celebrating all the points of topographical or antiquarian See also:interest in the See also:island of Great See also:Britain, and on this laborious See also:work he was engaged for many years . At last, in 1613, the first part of this vast work was published under the title of Poly-Olbion, eighteen books being produced, to which the learned See also:Selden supplied notes . The success of this great work, which has since become so famous, was very small at first, and not until 1622 did Drayton succeed in finding a publisher willing to undertake the See also:risk of bringing out twelve more books in a second part . This completed the survey of England, and the poet, who had hoped " to See also:crown See also:Scotland with See also:flowers," and arrive at last at the Orcades, never crossed the See also:Tweed .

Phoenix-squares

In 1627 he publishedanother of his See also:

miscellaneous volumes, and this contains some of his most characteristic and exquisite writing . It consists of the following pieces: The See also:Battle of Agincourt, an historical poem in ottava rima (not to be confused with his ballad on the same subject), and The Miseries of See also:Queen See also:Margaret, written in the same See also:verse and manner; Nimphidia, the Court of Faery, a most joyous and graceful little epic of fairyland; The Quest of Cinthia and The Shepherd's Sirena, two lyrical pastorals; and finally The Moon See also:Calf, a sort of satire . Of these Nimphidia is perhaps the best thing Drayton ever wrote, except his famous ballad on the battle of Agincourt; it is quite unique of its kind and full of rare fantastic See also:fancy . The last of Drayton's voluminous publications was The See also:Muses' Elizium in 163o . He died in London on the 23rd of See also:December 1631, was buried in See also:Westminster See also:Abbey, and had a See also:monument placed over. him by the countess of See also:Dorset, with memorial lines attributed to See also:Ben See also:Jonson . Of the particulars of Drayton's life we know almost nothing but what he himself tells us; he enjoyed the friendship of some of the best men of the age . He corresponded familiarly with See also:Drummond; Ben Jonson, See also:William See also:Browne, See also:George See also:Wither and others were among his See also:friends . There is a tradition that he was a friend of See also:Shakespeare, ,supported by a statement of See also:John See also:Ward, once See also:vicar of Stratfordon-See also:Avon, that "Shakespear, Drayton and Ben Jonson had a merry See also:meeting, and it seems, drank too hard, for Shakespear died of a feavour there contracted." In one of his poems, an " See also:elegy " or See also:epistle to Mr Henry See also:Reynolds, he has See also:left some valuable criticisms on poets whom he had known . He was even engaged in the labour of the dramatists; at least he had a See also:share, with See also:Munday, See also:Chettle and See also:Wilson, in writing Sir John See also:Oldcastle, which was printed in 1600 . That he was a restless and discontented, as well as a worthy, man may be gathered from his own admissions . The works of Drayton are bulky, and, in spite of the high See also:place that he holds in See also:critical esteem, it cannot be pretended that he is much read . For this his ponderous See also:style is much to blame .

The Poly-Olbion, the most famous but far from the most successful of his writings, is tedious and barren in the extreme . It was, he tells us, a " Herculean toil " to him to compose it, and we are conscious of the effort . The See also:

metre in which it is composed, a couplet of alexandrines, like the See also:French classical measure, is wholly unsuited to the English See also:language, and becomes excessively wearisome to the reader, who forgets the learning and ingenuity of the poet in labouring through the harsh and over-grown lines . His historical poems, which he was constantly re-writing and improving, are much more interesting, and often rise to a true poetic eloquence . His pastorals are brilliant, but overladen with See also:colour and sweet to insipidity . He is, with the one magnificent exception of " Since there's no help, come let us See also:kiss and part," which was first printed in 1619, an indifferent sonneteer . The poet with whom it is most natural to compare him is Daniel; he is more rough and vigorous, more varied and more daring than the latter, but Daniel surpasses him in See also:grace, delicacy and See also:judgment . In their elegies and epistles, however, the two writers frequently resemble each other . Drayton, however, approaches the very first poets of the Elizabethan era in his charming Nimphidia, a poem which inspired See also:Herrick with his sweet See also:fairy fancies and stands alone of its kind in English literature; while some of his odes and lyrics are inspired by See also:noble feeling and virile See also:imagination . In 1748 a See also:folio edition of Drayton's See also:complete works was published under the editorial supervision of William See also:Oldys, and again in 1753 there appeared an issue in four volumes . But these were very unintelligently and inaccurately prepared . A complete edition of Drayton's works with variant readings was projected by See also:Richard See also:Hooper in 1876, but was never carried to a conclusion; a volume of selections, edited by A .

H . Bullen, appeared in 1883 . See especially See also:

Oliver See also:Elton, See also:Michael Drayton (1906) . (E .

End of Article: MICHAEL DRAYTON (1563-1631)
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