See also:

• ALFRED

ALFRED See also:

• ALFRED DREYFUS (1859– )

DREYFUS (1859– )  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French soldier, of Jewish parentage, the See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal of whose condemnation for See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason and subsequent rehabilitation convulsed French See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LIFE

life between 1894 and 1899, and only ended in 1906, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• MULHAUSEN (Fr. Mulhouse)

Mulhausen, Upper See also:

• ALSACE (Ger. Elsass)

Alsace, removing to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1874 . After going through the usual course of military instruction with See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit, he became a sous-See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant in the See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery in 1882, and was promoted See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain in 1889; and, after passing through the Ecole de Guerre with distinction, he was appointed to the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff . His name was, however, unknown to the general public till he was arrested on the 15th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1894 on a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of selling military secrets to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, condemned, publicly degraded (See also:

• JANUARY

January 4, 1895), and transported (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March ro) to the Ile du Diable, French See also:

• GUIANA (Guyana, Guayana')

Guiana . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of the subsequent proceedings in this celebrated See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case is told in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

ANTI-SEMITISM, and need not here be repeated . It was not till 1899 that the unfortunate prisoner was brought back to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France for retrial by See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court-See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial, and even then, so strong was the anti-Semitic and military See also:

• PREJUDICE (Lat. praejudicium)

prejudice, he was again found guilty " with extenuating circumstances " at See also:

• RENNES

Rennes (See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 9), though ten days later he was " pardoned " by See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• LOUBET, EMILE FRANCOIS (1838— )

Loubet . It was not till the Cour de Cassation ordered a further investigation, and on the 12th of See also:

• JULY

July 1906 decided that his conviction had been based on a See also:

• FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

forgery and that See also:

• DREYFUS, ALFRED (1859– )

Dreyfus was See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

innocent, that the agitation came to a final conclusion . He was then restored to his See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army and promoted See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major . But the anti-Semitic and anti-Dreyfusard spirit in certain French circles could not easily be quelled even then; and on the occasion of the See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the remains of Emile See also:

• ZOLA, EMILE EDOUARD CHARLES ANTOINE (1840-1902)

Zola (Dreyfus's determined See also:

• CHAMPION (Fr. champion, Late Lat. campio from campus; a field or open space, i.e. one " who takes the field " or fights; cf. Ger. Kampf, battle, and Kampfer, fighter)

champion) to the See also:

• PANTHEON (Lat. pantheum or pantheon; Gr. srav& ov, all-holy, from re, s, all, and Oeor god)

Pantheon on the 4th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1908, Major Dreyfus was shot at and wounded by a fanatical journalist named Gregori, who was subsequently acquitted by a Paris See also:

• JURY

jury of the charge of attempted See also:

• MURDER

murder, his own plea being that he had merely intended a " demonstration." See Dreyfus's own Five Years of my Life (1901), and literature cited under ANTI-SEMITISM .