DUALLA
, one of the See also:principal See also:negro peoples of Cameroon See also:estuary, See also:West See also:Africa
.
When the Germans established themselves in that region, the Dualla were under many See also:petty chiefs, whose domains were usually restricted to one See also:village
.
Over these were two greater chiefs, See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell (Mbeli) and Akwa, representing the principal families of the tribe
.
The Dualla are physically a See also:fine See also:race
.
They are proud of their racial purity, and it was formerly usual for all See also:half-See also:caste See also:children to be strangled at See also:birth
.
The Dualla See also:tattoo themselves, the See also:women the whole See also:body, the men the See also:face only
.
They also pull out their eyelashes, which they believe prevent See also:sharp sight
.
The monarchical See also:system is more See also:developed among the Dualla than any other of the peoples of Cameroon
.
The See also:kings, many of whom have grown See also:rich through See also:trade, retain See also:part of their former See also:power, subject to the See also:German See also:government
.
The Dualla, who are laborious, industrious and capable of See also:great See also:physical endurance, are great traders and are proportionately prosperous
.
The See also:average See also:price for a wife among the Dualla is from £90 to £120; but sometimes a great See also:deal more is paid
.
Girls are usually betrothed See also:young and may be divorced if sterile
.
The See also:penalty for See also:adultery is a fine imposed on the seducer; if he cannot pay he becomes the See also:husband's slave
.
See also:Cannibalism as a religious rite was formerly See also:common among the Dualla
.
All accessioffs to power were preceded by a See also:sacrifice, a See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king having no authority till his hands were stained with See also:blood
.
The See also:religion is fetish blended with ancestor-See also:worship, and certain See also:secret See also:societies exist among them which seem to have a religious connexion
.
The dead are buried within the hut, which is abandoned shortly afterwards; slaves were formerly buried with men of importance
.
Missionary efforts have yielded many converts, and some churches have been built
.
Many of the natives can read
.
The Dualla are in See also:possession of an interesting See also:code, in accordance with which messages can be sent and even conversations maintained by means of drums, or rather gongs, giving two notes
.
(See CAMEROON.)
DU See also:BARRY, See also:MARIE JEANNE B$CU, COMTESSE (1746-1793), See also:French adventuress, See also:mistress of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XV., was the natural daughter of a poor woman of Vaucouleurs, and was See also:born there on the 19th of See also:August 1746
.
Placed in a See also:convent in See also:Paris at an See also:early See also:age, she received a very slight See also:education, learning little but the See also:catechism and See also:drawing; and at the age of sixteen entered a See also:milliner's See also:shop in the See also:rue St Honore
.
Subsequently she lived as a courtesan under the name of Mdlle See also:Lange
.
Her great See also:personal charms led the adventurer See also:Jean, See also:comte du Barry, to take her into his See also:house in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to make it more
attractive to the dupes whose See also:money he won by gambling
.
Her success surpassing his expectations, his hopes took a higher See also:flight, and through See also:Lebel, See also:valet de chambre of Louis XV., and the duc de See also:Richelieu, he succeeded in installing her as mistress of the king
.
In order to See also:present her at See also:court it was necessary to find a See also:title for her, and as See also:Count Jean du Barry was married himself his See also:brother See also:Guillaume offered himself as nominal husband
.
The comtesse du Barry was presented at court on the 22nd of See also:April 1769, and became See also:official mistress of the king
.
Her See also:influence over the monarch was See also:absolute until his See also:death, and courtiers and ministers were in favour or disgrace with him in exact accordance with her wishes
.
The duc de See also:Choiseul, who refused to acknowledge her, was disgraced in 1771; and the duc d'See also:Aiguillon, who had the reputation of being her See also:lover, took his See also:place, and in See also:concert with her governed the monarch
.
Louis XV. built for her the magnificent See also:mansion of Luciennes
.
At his death in 1774 an order of his successor banished her to the See also:abbey of See also:Pont-aux-Dames, near See also:Meaux, but, the See also:queen interceding for her, the king in the following See also:year gave her permission to reside at Luciennes with a See also:pension
.
Here she led a retired See also:life with the comte de Cosse-See also:Brissac, and was visited there by See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin and the See also:emperor See also:Joseph II., among many other distinguished men
.
Having gone to See also:England in 1792 to endeavour to raise money on her jewels, she was on her return accused before the Revolutionary Tribunal of having dissipated the treasures of the See also:state, conspired against the See also:republic, and worn, in See also:London, " See also:mourning for the See also:tyrant." She was condemned to death on the 7th of See also:December 1793, and beheaded the same evening
.
Her contemporaries, scorning her See also:low birth rather than her vices, attributed to her a malicious See also:political role of which she was at See also:heart incapable, and have done scant See also:justice to her See also:quick wit, her See also:frank but gracious See also:manners, and her seductive beauty
.
The See also:volume of Lettres et Anecdotes (1779) which bears her name was not written by her
.
See E. and J. de See also:Goncourt, La du Barry (Paris, 188o) ; C
.
Vatel, Histoire de Madame du Barry (1882-1883), based on See also:sources; R
.
See also:Douglas, The Life and Times of Madame du Barry (London, 1896)
.
DU BARTAS, GUILLAUME DE SALUSTE, SEIGNEUR (1544–1590), French poet, was born near See also:Auch in 1544
.
He was employed by See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry IV. of See also:France in England, See also:Denmark and See also:Scotland; and he commanded a See also:troop of See also:horse in See also:Gascony, under the See also:marshal de Martingan
.
He was a convinced Huguenot, and cherished the See also:idea of See also:writing a great religious epic in which biblical characters and See also:Christian sentiment were to supplant the See also:pagan See also:mise en See also:scene then in See also:fashion
.
His first epic, See also:Judith, appeared in a volume entitled La Muse chretienne (See also:Bordeaux, 1573)
.
This was followed five years later by his principal See also:work, La Sepmaine, a poem on the creation of the See also:world
.
This work was held by admirers of du Bartas to put him on a level with See also:Ronsard, and See also:thirty See also:editions of it were printed within six years after its See also:appearance
.
Its religious See also:tone and fanciful See also:style made it a great favourite in England, where the author was called the " divine " du Bartas, and placed on an equality with See also:Ariosto
.
See also:Spenser, See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall and See also:Ben See also:Jonson, all speak in the highest terms of what seems to us a most uninteresting poem
.
King See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James VI. of Scotland tried his " prentice See also:hand " at the See also:translation of du Bartas's poem L' Uranie, and the compliment was returned by the French writer, who translated, as La Lepanthe, James's poem on the See also:battle of See also:Lepanto
.
Du Bartas began the publication of the Seconde Semaine in 1584
.
He aimed at a great epic which should stretch from the See also:story of the creation to the coming of the See also:Messiah
.
Of this great See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme he only executed a part, marked by a certain See also:elevation of style, but he did not succeed in acclimatizing the religious epic in France
.
The work is spoiled by a See also:constant tendency to moralize, and is filled with the in-discriminate See also:information that passed under the name of See also:science in the 16th See also:century
.
Du Bartas, perhaps more than any other writer, brought the Ronsardist tradition into dispute
.
He introduced many unwieldy compounds See also:foreign to the See also:genius of the French See also:language, and in his borrowings from old French, from provincial dialects and from Latin, he failed to show the sure See also:instinct and prudence of Ronsard and du Bellay
.
He wasalso guilty of reduplicating the first syllables of words, producing such expressions as pepetiller, sousouflantes
.
Du Bartas died in See also:July 1590 in Paris from wounds received at the battle of Ivry
.
See also:Joshua See also:Sylvester translated the Sepmaine in 1598; other See also:English See also:translations from du Bartas are The Historie of Judith
.
(1584)„ by See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Hudson; of portions of the " See also:Weeks (1625) by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Lisle (1569-1637), the Anglo-Saxon See also:scholar; Urania (15899, by See also:Robert See also:Ashley (1565–1641); and See also:Sir See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip See also:Sidney (see See also:Florio's See also:dedication of the second See also:book of his translation of See also:Montaigne to See also:Lady Rich) wrote a translation of the first " See also:Week," which is lost
.
The Euvres completes of du Bartas were printed at Paris (1579), Paris and Bordeaux (1611)
.
See also G
.
Pellissier, La See also:Vie et See also:les oeuvres de du Bartas (1883)
.
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