DUBLIN  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of a city, See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough and seaport, and the See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• LEINSTER

Leinster . It lies at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• BAY

bay of the Irish See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, to which it gives name, about midway on the eastern See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, 334 M . W.N.W. of See also:

• LONDON

London by the See also:

• HOLYHEAD (Caergybi, the fort of Cybi, the saint mentioned by Matthew Arnold as meeting St Seiriol of Penm6n, Anglesey)

Holyhead route, and 70 M . W. of Holyhead on the coast of See also:

• ANGLESEY, ARTHUR ANNESLEY
• ANGLESEY, HENRY WILLIAM PAGET
• ANGLESEY, or ANGLESEA

Anglesey, See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . (For See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map, see IRELAND.) Its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population in 1901 was 290,638 . Site, Streets and Buildings.—Dublin lies on the See also:

• GREAT

great central See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone See also:

• DISTRICT

district which stretches across the island from the Irish Sea to the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Ocean, and occupies both See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the See also:

• RIVER

river Liffey . Its situation is justly admired . The populous shores of the bay are exceedingly picturesque . To the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is comparatively level, the central See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of Ireland here reaching to the coast, but to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south the foothills of the See also:

• WICKLOW

Wicklow Mountains practically See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch the confines of Greater Dublin, affording comprehensive views of the See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical position of the city, and forming a background to some of the finest streets . The municipal boundary lies generally a little outside the so-called Circular Road, which may be taken as encircling the city proper, with a few breaks . 'It bears this name on both the north and south sides of the river . As the city is approached from the bay, the river Liffey, which divides the city from west to See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east roughly into two equal parts, is seen to be lined with a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of quays .

At its mouth, on the north See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, is the North See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

Wall See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay, where ,the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal steamers See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie, and in this vicinity are the docks . At the opposite (western) end of the city, the See also:

• PHOENIX
• PHOENIX (Gr. 4oivt )

Phoenix See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park may be taken as a convenient landmark . Between this and North Wall the river is crossed by twelve See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges, which, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order from west to east, are these: Sarah See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge, the bridge of the North Wall See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension railway; See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's, commemorating a visit of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV.; See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria or Barrack; See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's; See also:

• WHITWORTH
• WHITWORTH, SIR JOSEPH

Whitworth, of See also:

• INTEREST

interest as occupying the site where a bridge has stood since the 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century; See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond, See also:

• GRATTAN, HENRY (1746-1820)

Grattan and See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington; O'Connell, See also:

• BUTT
• BUTT, ISAAC (1813-1879)

Butt and a swivel bridge carrying a See also:

• LOOP

loop railway . Of these O'Connell bridge (formerly known as See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle) is the principal, as it connects the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief thoroughfare on the north side, namely See also:

• SACKVILLE, GEORGE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1716-1785)
• SACKVILLE, MORTIMER

Sackville (or O'Connell) See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, with Great See also:

• BRUNSWICK
• BRUNSWICK (Ger. Braunschweig)
• BRUNSWICK, KARL WILHELM FERDINAND, DUKE OF (1735-18o6)

Brunswick Street and others on the south . Sackville Street, which gains in See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance from its remarkable breadth, contains the principal hotels, and the See also:

• POST

post See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, with a fine Ionic See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico, founded in 1815 . At the See also:

• CROSSING

crossing of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Street and See also:

• EARL

Earl Street is the See also:

• NELSON
• NELSON, HORATIO NELSON, VISCOUNT (1758-1805)
• NELSON, ROBERT (s656-1715)

Nelson See also:

• PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar, a beautiful See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument 134 ft. in height, consisting of a fluted Doric See also:

• COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column, raised on a massive See also:

• PEDESTAL (Fr. piedestal, Ital. piedestallo, foot of a stall)

pedestal, and crowned by a statue of the See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral . At the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern end of the street is See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel O'Connell's monument, almost completed by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Henry See also:

• FOLEY, JOHN HENRY (1818-1874)
• FOLEY, SIR THOMAS (1757-1833)

Foley before his See also:

• DEATH

death, and erected in 1882 . In See also:

• RUTLAND
• RUTLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RUTLAND, JOHN JAMES ROBERT MANNERS, 7TH DUKE OF (1818-1906)

Rutland Square, at the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern end, is the Rotunda, containing public rooms for meetings, and adjoining it, the Rotunda See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital with its Doric See also:

• FACADE

facade . From the north end of Sackville Street, several large thorough-fares radiate through the northern See also:

• PART

part of the city, ultimately joining the Circular Road at various points . To the west there are the Broadstone station, Dominion Street, and beyond this the large workhouse, See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum and other district buildings, while the Royal See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks front the river behind See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert Quay . Two other notable buildings See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face the river on the north See also:

• BANK

bank . Between Whitworth and Richmond bridges stands the " Four Courts " (See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts), on the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Dominican monastery of St Saviour .

It was erected between 1786 and 1796, and is adjoined by other See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court buildings, the public See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record office, containing a vast collection, and the See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police offices . Below the lowest bridge on the river, and therefore in the neighbourhood of the See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, is the customs See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house (1781-1791), considered one of the chief ornaments of the city . It presents four fronts, that facing the river being of See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, in the Doric order, while the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest are of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite . The centre is crowned by a See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome, surmounted by a statue of See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope . This See also:

• BUILDING

building provides offices for the See also:

• LOCAL

Local See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board, Boards of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade and of Public See also:

• WORKS

Works and other bodies . It is, however, to the south of the river that the most interesting buildings are found . Crossing O'Connell bridge, the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short Westmoreland Street strikes into a thoroughfare which traverses the entire city parallel with the river, and is known successively (from west to east) as See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas, High, See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, See also:

• DAME
• DAME (through the Fr. from Lat. domina, mistress, lady, the feminine of dominus, master, lord)

Dame, See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College and Great Brunswick streets . At the end of Westmoreland Street a fine See also:

• GROUP

group of buildings is seen—Trinity College on the See also:

• LEFT

left and the Bank of Ireland on the right . Barely See also:

• HALF

half a mile westward down Dame Street,. rises the Castle, and 300 yds. beyond this again is the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . These, with the second cathedral of St See also:

• PATRICK, SIMON (1626–1707)
• PATRICK, ST

Patrick, are more conveniently described in the inverse order . The cathedral of Christ Church, or See also:

• HOLY

Holy Trinity, the older of the two See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant cathedrals in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of which Dublin is remarkable, was founded by Sigtryg, a Christ Christianized king of the Danes of Dublin, in 1038, Church . but See also:

• DATES

dates its See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation to a deanery and See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter from 1541 .

It was restored in 1870–1877 by G . E . Street at the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of Mr Henry See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

Roe, a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant of Dublin, who also presented the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

Synod House . The restoration involved the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete re-building of the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir and the south side of the See also:

• NAVE

nave, but the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of the ancient building was, followed with great care . The See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt embodies remains of the founder's See also:

• WORK

work; the rest is Transitional See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• ENGLISH

English in See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style . Among the monuments is that of Strongbow, the invader of Ireland, to whom the earlier part of the superstructure (1170) is due . Here the tenants of the church lands were accustomed to pay their rents . The monument was injured by the fall of one of the cathedral walls, but was repaired . By its side is a smaller See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb, ascribed to Strongbow's son, whom his See also:

• FATHER

father killed for showing cowardice in See also:

• BATTLE

battle . Synods were occasionally held in this church, and parliaments also, before the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons' See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall was destroyed in 1566 by an accidental See also:

• EXPLOSION

explosion of See also:

• GUNPOWDER

gunpowder . Here also the pretender See also:

• LAMBERT [alias NICHOLSON], JOHN (d. 1538)
• LAMBERT, DANIEL (1770-1809)
• LAMBERT, FRANCIS (c 1486-153o)
• LAMBERT, JOHANN HEINRICH (1728–1777)
• LAMBERT, JOHN (1619-1694)

Lambert See also:

• SIMNEL, LAMBERT

Simnel was crowned . A short distance south from Christ Church, through the squalid quarter of See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas and Patrick streets, stands the other Protestant cathedral dedicated to St Patrick, st the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of which was an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to supersede Patrick's .

the older foundation of Christ Church, owing to jealousies, both ecclesiastical and See also:

• POLITICAL

political, arising out of the Anglo-Norman invasion . It was founded about 1190 by John See also:

• COMYN, JOHN (d. c. 1300)

Comyn, See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of Dublin; but there was a church dedicated to the same See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint before . It was burnt about two See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years later, but was raised from its ruins with increased splendour . At the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation it was deprived of its status as a cathedral, and the building was used for some of the purposes of the courts of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice . See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VI. contemplated its See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change into a university, but the project was defeated . In the succeeding reign of See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, St Patrick's was restored to its See also:

• PRIMARY

primary destination . The installations of the knights of St Patrick,. the first of which took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1783, were originally held here, and some of their insignia are preserved in the choir . This cathedral contains the monuments of several illustrious persons, amongst which the most celebrated are those of See also:

• SWIFT
• SWIFT, JONATHAN (1667—1745)

Swift (See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of this cathedral), of Mrs Hester See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson, immortalized under the name of " Stella "; of Archbishop See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

Marsh; of the first earl of See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

Cork; and of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• SCHOMBERG (originally SCHONBERG), FRIEDRICH HERMANN (Or FREDERIC ARMAND), DUKE OF (c. 1615—1690)

Schomberg, who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell at the battle of the See also:

• BOYNE

Boyne . The tablet over Schomberg's See also:

• GRAVE

grave contains what See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay called a " furious See also:

• LIBEL

libel," though it only states that the duke's relatives refused the expense of the tablet . In the cathedral may be seen the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball which killed See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General St See also:

• RUTH, BOOK OF

Ruth at the battle of See also:

• AUGHRIM, or AGHRIM

Aughrim, and the spurs which he wore . The cathedral was restored by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

Lee See also:

• GUINNESS

Guinness (1864), whom a fine statue by John Henry Foley commemorates, and the work was resumed by his son See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Iveagh in 1900 . Attached to the cathedral is Marsh's library, incorporated in 1707, by a See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of See also:

• PRIMATE (from Low Lat. primas=one who held the first place, primas partes)

Primate Marsh, archbishop of See also:

• ARMAGH

Armagh .

It contains a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good number of theological works and of See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts, and is open to the public; but is deficient in See also:

• MODERN

modern publications, Dublin Castle stands high, and occupies about ten acres ofground, but excepting St Patrick's Hall, the apartments are small, and the building is of a See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley and unimposing appearance, with the exception of the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel (a See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic building of the early 19th century) and great See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower . The castle The castle. was originally built in the first two decades of the 13th century; and there are portions of this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, but nearly the whole is of the 16th century and later . In St Patrick's hall where the knights of St Patrick are invested, are the See also:

• BANNERS, FEAST OF (Jap. Nobori-no-Sekku)

banners of that order . Opposite the castle is the city hall (1779), in the possession of the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation, with statues in the central hall of George III., of Grattan (a superb work by Sir See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

Chantry), of Daniel O'Connell, and of Thomas See also:

• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1786-r86o)
• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1851-1897)
• DRUMMOND, THOMAS (r797-1840)
• DRUMMOND, WILLIAM (1585-1649)

Drummond by John Hogan and several others . The Bank of Ireland (see See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

ARCHITECTURE, fig . 85) occupies five acres, and was formerly the House of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

Parliament . There are three fronts; the principal, towards College See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green, is a See also:

• COLONNADE

colonnade of the Ionic order, with facade Breland. and two projecting wings; it connects with the western portico by a colonnade of the same order, forming the quadrant of a circle . The eastern front, which was the entrance of the House of Lords, is, by their See also:

• SPECIAL

special wish, of the Corinthian order, made conformable with the rest of the building not without difficulty to the architect . The House of Lords contains See also:

• TAPESTRY

tapestry dating from 1733, and remains in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition, but the octagonal House of Commons was demolished by the bank See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors, and replaced with a See also:

• CASH

cash-office . The building was begun in 1729, but the fronts date from the end of the century; the remodelling took. place in 1803 . Trinity College, or Dublin University, fronts the street with a See also:

• PALLADIAN

Palladian facade (1759), with two good statues by Foley, of See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

Goldsmith and See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

Burke . Above the gateway is a hall called the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

Regent House .

The first quadrangle, ; ege Parliament Square, contains the chapel (1798), with a Corinthian portico, the public See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre or examination hall (1787), containing portraits of Queen See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, See also:

• MOLYNEUX

Molyneux, Burke, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop See also:

• BERKELEY
• BERKELEY, GEORGE (1685–1753)
• BERKELEY, MILES JOSEPH (1803-1889)
• BERKELEY, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1608-1677)

Berkeley and other celebrities, and the wainscotted dining hall, also containing portraits . A beautiful modern campanile (1853), erected by Lord John George See also:

• BERESFORD, JOHN (1738-1805)
• BERESFORD, LORD CHARLES WILLIAM DE LA POER (1846- )
• BERESFORD, WILLIAM CARR BERESFORD, VISCOUNT (1768–1854)

Beresford, archbishop. of Armagh and See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the university, occupies the centre of the square . Library Square takes its name from the library, which is one of the four scheduled in the See also:

• COPYRIGHT

Copyright See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act as entitled to receive a copy of every See also:

• VOLUME

volume published in the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom . There is a notable collection of early Irish manuscripts, including the magnificently ornamented See also:

• BOOK

Book of See also:

• KELLS

Kells, containing the gospels . The building was begun in 1712 . In this square are the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest buildings of the foundation, dating in part from the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the 17th century, and the modern Graduates' Memorial buildings (1904) . These contain a theatre, library and See also:

• READING

reading-See also:

• ROOM

room, the rooms of the college See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

societies and others . The See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a fine modern See also:

• PILE

pile (1856), and other buildings are the See also:

• PROVOST (through O. Fr. prevost, mod. prevot, Lat. praepositus, set over, from praeponere, to place in front)

provost's house (1760), See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing house (1760), museum (1857) and the medical school buildings, in three blocks, one of the best schools in the kingdom . Other buildings of the loth century include chemical laboratories . The College Park and See also:

• FELLOWS, SIR CHARLES (1799-1860)

Fellows' See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Garden are of considerable beauty . In the former most of the recreations of the students take place; but the college also supports a well-known See also:

• ROWING (O. Eng. rowan, to row, cf. Lat. remus, Gr. perµbr, oar)

rowing-See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club . The college See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory is at Dunsink, about 5 m. north-west of Dublin; it is amply furnished with astronomical See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments .

It was endowed by Dr Francis See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews, provost of Trinity College, was erected in 1785, and in 1791 was placed by See also:

• STATUTE

statute under the management of the royal astronomer of Ireland, whose See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence is here . The magnetic observatory of Dublin was erected in the years 1837–1838 in the gardens attached to Trinity College, at the expense of the university . A normal climatological station was established in the Fellows' Garden in 1904 . The botanic garden is at Ball's Bridge, 1 m . S.E. of the college . The alternative See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Dublin University or Trinity College, Dublin (commonly abbreviated T.C.D.), is explained by the fact that the university consists of only one college, that of " the Holy and Undivided Trinity." This was founded under See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter from Queen Elizabeth in 1591. and is the greatest foundation of its See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in the country . The corporation consists of a provost, 7 See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior fellows, 25 junior fellows and 70 scholars . A vacancy among the fellows is filled up by the provost and a select number of the fellows, after examination comprised in five principal courses, See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, experimental See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, See also:

• CLASSICS

classics, See also:

• MENTAL

mental and moral science and See also:

• HEBREW

Hebrew . Fellowships are held for See also:

• LIFE

life . Until the See also:

• YEAR

year 184o the fellows were See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound to See also:

• CELIBACY (Lat. caelibatus, from caelebs, unmarried)

celibacy, but that restriction was then removed . All except five (medical and law fellows) were bound to take Holy Orders until 1872 . The scholars on the foundation (or " of the House ") are chosen from among the undergraduates, for merit in classics, mathematics or experimental science .

The pecuniary advantages attaching to scholarship (2o Irish, See also:

• FREE

free commons, and rooms at half the charge made to other students) last for four years . Students after an examination are admitted as See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-commoners, pensioners or sizars . Fellow-commoners, who have decreased in See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers in modern times, pay higher fees than the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary undergraduates or pensioners, and have certain advantages of See also:

• PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)

precedence, including the right of dining at the fellows' table . Sizarships are awarded on examination to students of limited means, and carry certain relaxations of fees . They were formerly given on the nomination of fellows . Noblemen, noblemen's sons and baronets (nobilis, filius nobilis, eques) have the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege of forming a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate order with See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar advantages, on the See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of additional charges . The mode of See also:

• ADMISSION

admission to the university is in all cases by examination . Various exhibitions and prizes are awarded both in connexion with the entrance of students and at subsequent stages of the course of instruction, which normally lasts four years . There are three terms in each year—Michaelmas (beginning the See also:

• ACADEMIC

Academic year), Hilary and Trinity . The undergraduate is called in his-first year a junior freshman, in his second a senior freshman, in his third a junior sophister, and in his See also:

• FOURTH

fourth a senior sophister . The usual arts and scientific courses are provided, and there are four professional schools—divinity, law, physic and See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering . The undergraduate has certain See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations in each year, and four " commencements " are held every year for the purpose of conferring degrees .

Freedom is offered to students who wish to be transferred from See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, or certain colonial See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

universities to Trinity College, by the recognition of terms kept in the former institutions as part of the necessary course at Trinity College . In 1903 it was decided to bestow degrees on See also:

• WOMEN

women, and in 1904 to establish women's scholarships . The funds of the college, arising from lands and the fees of students, are managed solely by the provost and seven senior fellows, who form a board, to which and to the academic See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council the whole government of the university, both in its executive and its legislative branches, is committed . The council consists of the provost and sixteen members of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate elected by the fellows, professors, &c; the senate consists of the chancellor or his See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy and doctors and masters who keep their names on the books . The See also:

• AVERAGE

average number of students on the books is about 1300 . By an act passed in 1873, known as See also:

• FAWCETT, HENRY (1833-1884)
• FAWCETT, JOHN (1768-1837)

Fawcett's Act, all tests were abolished, and the prizes and honours of all grades hitherto reserved for Protestants of the Established Church were thrown open to all . The university returns two members to parliament . (See Dublin University See also:

• CALENDAR

Calendar, See also:

• ANNUAL

annual.) There remain to be mentioned the following buildings in Dublin . The permanent building of the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International See also:

• EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1865 adjoins the See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure ground of St See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's Green . This building was occupied by the Royal University of Ireland until its See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution under the Irish Universities Act 1908, which provided for a new university at Dublin, to which the building was transferred under the act (see IRELAND: See also:

• EDUCATION

Education) . The new university is called the See also:

• NATIONAL

National University of Ireland . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a new college was founded under the name of University College .

The Royal University replaced the Queen's University under the University Act (Ireland) in 1879 . No teaching was carried on, but examinations were held and degrees conferred, both on men and on women . On the west side of St Stephen's Green is the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic University (1854), which is under the Jesuit Fathers and affiliated to the Royal University . Between Trinity College and St Stephen's Green, a large group of buildings includes the Royal Dublin Society, founded in 1683 to develop See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture and the useful arts, with a library and See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery of statuary; the Science and Arts Museum, and the National Library, the former with a noteworthy collection of Irish antiquities; the Museum of Natural See also:

• HISTORY

History, with a splendid collection of Irish See also:

• FAUNA

fauna; and the National Gallery of Ireland, founded in 1853 . Here was once a residence of the duke of Leinster, and the buildings surround the open space of Leinster See also:

• LAWN