See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE See also:

• DUBOIS
• DUBOIS, FRANCOIS CLEMENT THEODORE (1837– )
• DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
• DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE (1765-1848)
• DUBOIS, PAUL (1829-1905)
• PIERRE DUBOIS (c. 1250-c. 1312)

DUBOIS (c. 1250-c. 1312)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French publicist in the reign of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip the See also:

• FAIR

Fair, was the author of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets embodying See also:

• ORIGINAL

original and daring views . He was known to See also:

• JEAN

Jean du Tillet in the 16th, and to See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• DUPUY, CHARLES ALEXANDRE (1851– )
• DUPUY, PIERRE (1582-1651)

Dupuy in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, but remained practically forgotten until the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 19th century, when his See also:

• HISTORY

history was reconstructed from his See also:

• WORKS

works . He was a See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, probably a native of See also:

• COUTANCES
• COUTANCES, WALTER OF (d. 1207)

Coutances, where he exercised the functions of royal See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the bailliage and See also:

• PROCURATOR (Lat. procurare, to take care of)

procurator of the university . He was educated at the university of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where he heard St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• AQUINAS, THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 1227--1274)

Aquinas and Siger of See also:

• BRABANT
• BRABANT, NORTH

Brabant . He was, nevertheless, no adherent of the scholastic See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, and appears to have been conversant with the works of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon . Although he never held any important political See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, he must have been in the confidence of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court when, in 1300, he wrote his See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous Summaria, brevis et compendiosa dpctrina felicis expeditions et abbreviationis guerrarum et litium regni Francorum, which is extant in a unique MS., but is analysed by N. de See also:

• WAILLY, NOEL FRANCOIS DE (1724-1801)

Wailly in the Bibliotheque de l'Ecole See also:

• DES

des See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles (2nd series, vol. iii.) . In the contest between Philip the Fair and See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface VIII . See also:

• DUBOIS
• DUBOIS, FRANCOIS CLEMENT THEODORE (1837– )
• DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
• DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE (1765-1848)
• DUBOIS, PAUL (1829-1905)
• DUBOIS, PIERRE (c. 1250-c. 1312)

Dubois identified himself completely with the secularizing policy of Philip, and poured forth a series of See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-clerical pamphlets, which did not cease even with the See also:

• DEATH

death of Boniface . His Supplication du pueble de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France an See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

roy contre le pape Boniface le Vllle, printed in 1614 in Acta inter Bonifacium VIII. et Philippum Pulchrum, See also:

• DATES

dates from 1304, and is a heated See also:

• INDICTMENT (from Anglo-Fr. enditernent, enditer, to charge; Lat. in, against, dictare, declare)

indictment of the temporal See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . He represented Coutances in the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of 1302, but in 1306 he was serving See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. as an advocate in See also:

• GUIENNE

Guienne, without apparently abandoning his Norman practice by which he had become a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . The most important of his works, his See also:

• TREATISE

treatise De recuperation terrae sanctae,' was written in 1306, and dedicated in its extant See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form to Edward I., though it is certainly addressed to Philip . Dubois outlines the conditions necessary to a successful crusade—the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment and enforcement of a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace among the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian nations of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West by a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church; the refofm of the monastic, and especially of the military, orders; the reduction of their revenues; the instruction of a number of See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young men and See also:

• WOMEN

women in See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages and the natural sciences with a view to the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Eastern peoples; and the establishment of Philip of See also:

• VALOIS, COUNTS AND DUKES OF
• VALOIS, HENRI DE [VALESIUS] (1603-1676)

Valois as See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East .

The See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of France was in fact, when once the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope was deprived of the temporal power, to become the suzerain of the Western nations, and in a later and See also:

• SEPARATE

separate memoir Dubois proposed that he should cause himself to be made emperor by See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement V . His zeal for the crusade was probably subordinate to the See also:

• DESIRE

desire to secure the See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of the monastic orders for the royal See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, and to See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer the ecclesiastical See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction to the See also:

• CROWN

crown . His ideas on See also:

• EDUCATION

education, on the See also:

• CELIBACY (Lat. caelibatus, from caelebs, unmarried)

celibacy of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, and his schemes for the codification of French See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, were far in advance of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . He was an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early and violent " Gallican," and the first of the See also:

• GREAT

great French lawyers who occupied themselves with high politics . In 1308 he attended the states-general at See also:

• TOURS

Tours . He is generally credited with Quaedam proposita papae a rege super facto Templariorum, a draft See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle supposed to be addressed to Clement by Philip . This was followed by other pamphlets in the same See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone, in one of which he proposed that a See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom founded on the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the See also:

• TEMPLARS

Templars in the East should be established on behalf of Philip the Tall . See an See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by E . See also:

• RENAN, ERNEST (1823-1892)

Renan in Hist. lift. de la France, vol. See also:

• XXVI

xxvi. pp . 471-536; P . Dupuy Hist. de la condamnation . . . des Templiers (See also:

• BRUSSELS (Fr. Bruxelles, Flem. Brussel)

Brussels, 1713), and Hist. du differend entre le pape Bpniface VIII et Philippe le See also:

• BEL

Bel (Paris 1655) ; and Notices et extraits de manuscrits, vol. xx .