DUCAT  , the name of a See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin, generally of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold, and of varying value, formerly in use in many See also:

• EUROPEAN

European countries . It was first struck by See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger II. of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily as See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

Apulia, and See also:

• BORE

bore an inscription " Sit tibi, Christe, datus, See also:

• QUERN

quern to regis, iste ducatus" (See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord, See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou rulest this duchy, to thee be it dedicated); hence, it is said, the'name . Between 128o and 1284 See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice also struck a gold coin, known first as the ducat, afterwards as the zecchino or See also:

• SEQUIN (the French form of Ital. zecchino, zecchino d'oro)

sequin, the ducat becoming merely a See also:

• MONEY

money of See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account . The ducat was also current in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark (see See also:

• NUMISMATICS
• NUMISMATICS (Lat. numisma, nomisma, a coin; from the Greek, derived from voj4 u', to use according to law)

NUMISMATICS) . A gold coin termed a ducat was current in See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

Hanover during the reigns of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George I. and George III . A See also:

• PATTERN

pattern gold coin was also struck by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint in 1887 for a proposed decimal coinage . On the See also:

• REVERSE

reverse was the inscription " one ducat " within an See also:

• OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

oak See also:

• WREATH (O. Eng. wry, from wriian, to twist)

wreath; above " one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred pence," and below the date between two small See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses . There is a gold coin termed a ducat in the Austria-See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary currency, of the value of nine shillings and fourpence . DU CHAILLU, See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

PAUL BELLONI (1835-1903), traveller and anthropologist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born either at See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris or at New See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans (accounts conflict) on the 31st of See also:

• JULY

July 1835 . In his youth he accompanied his See also:

• FATHER

father, an See also:

• AFRICAN

African trader in the employment of a Parisian See also:

• FIRM

firm, to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . Here, at a station on the See also:

• GABUN

Gabun, the boy received some See also:

• EDUCATION

education from missionaries, and acquired an See also:

• INTEREST

interest in and knowledge of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, its natural See also:

• HISTORY

history, and its natives, which guided him to his subsequent career . In 1852 he exhibited this knowledge in the New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press, and was sent in 1855 by the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Natural Sciences at See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia on an African expedition .

From 1855 to 1859 he regularly explored the regions of West Africa in the neighbourhood of the See also:

• EQUATOR (Late Lat. aequator, from aequare, to make equal)

equator, gaining considerable knowledge of the See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta of the Ogowe See also:

• RIVER

river and the See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of the Gabun . During his travels he saw See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of the See also:

• GREAT

great anthropoid apes called the See also:

• GORILLA (or PoNGO)

gorilla (possibly the great See also:

• APE (Old Eng. ape; Dutch aap; Old Ger. a ffo; Welsh epa; Old Bohemian op; a word of uncertain origin, possibly an imitation of the animal's chatter)

ape described by Carthaginian navigators), then known to scientists only by a few skeletons . A subsequent expedition, from 1863 to 1865, enabled him to confirm the accounts given by the ancients of a See also:

• PYGMY, or PIGMY (Gr. avy,uavos, from avypij, a Greek measure of length corresponding to " the distance between the elbow and knuckles " of a man of average size)

pygmy See also:

• PEOPLE

people inhabiting the African forests . Narratives of both expeditions were published, in 1861 and 1867 respectively, under the titles Explorations and Adventures in See also:

• EQUATORIAL

Equatorial Africa, with Accounts of the See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

Manners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace of the Gorilla, See also:

• CROCODILE

Crocodile, and other Animals; and A See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

Journey to Ashango-See also:

• LAND

land, and further penetration into Equatorial Africa . The first See also:

• WORK

work excited much controversy on the See also:

• SCORE (O.E. scor, from sceran, to cut, notch, cf. " shear ")

score of its veracity, but subsequent investigation proved the correctness of du Chaillu's statements as to the facts of natural history; though possibly some of the adventures he described as happening to himself were reproductions of the See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting stories of natives (see Proc . Zool . See also:

• SOC

Soc. vol. i., 1905, p . 66) . The See also:

• MAP
• MAP (or MAPES), WALTER (d. c. 1208/9)

map accompanying Ashango-land was of unique value, but the explorer's photographs and collections were lost when he was forced to flee from the hostility of the natives . After some years' See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in See also:

• AMERICA

America, during which he wrote several books for the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young founded upon his African adventures, du Chaillu turned his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention to See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and published in 1881 The Land of the Midnight See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

Sun, in 1889 The See also:

• VIKING

Viking See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age, and in 1900 The Land of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long See also:

• NIGHT

Night . He died at St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg on the 29th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1903 .