DUGONG  , one of the two existing generic representatives of the Sirenia, or herbivorous aquatic mammals . Dugongs are distinguished from their See also:

• COUSINS, SAMUEL (18o1-1887)

cousins the manatis by the presence in the upper See also:

• JAW (Mid. Eng. jawe, jowe and geowe, O. Eng. cheowan, connected with " chaw " and " chew," and in form with " jowl ")

jaw of the male of a pair of large tusks, which in the See also:

• FEMALE

female are arrested in their growth, and remain concealed . There are never more than five molar See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth on each See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of either jaw, or twenty in all, and these are See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat on the grinding See also:

• SURFACE

surface . The flippers are unprovided with nails, and the tail is broad, and differs from that of the See also:

• MANATI (often anglicized as "manatee")

manati in being See also:

• CRESCENT (Lat. crescens, growing)

crescent-shaped instead of rounded . The bones are hard and See also:

• FIRM

firm, and take a See also:

• POLISH

polish equal to that of See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory . Dugongs frequent the shallow See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the tropical seas, extending from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the mouth of the See also:

• ZAMBEZI

Zambezi, along the shores of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian, Malayan and Australian seas, where they may be seen basking on the surface of the See also:

• WATER

water, or browsing on submarine pastures of seaweed, for which the thick obtuse lips and truncated snout pre-eminently See also:

• FIT

fit them . They are gregarious, feeding in large See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers in localities where they are not often disturbed . The female produces a single See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young one at a See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, and is remarkable for the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection it shows for its offspring, so that when the young dugong is caught there is no difficulty in capturing the See also:

• MOTHER

mother . Three See also:

• SPECIES

species—the Indian dugong (Halicore dugong), the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea dugong (H. tabernaculi) and the Australian dugong (H. australis)—are commonly recognized . The first is abundant along the shores of the Indian Ocean, and is captured in large numbers by the See also:

• MALAYS

Malays, who esteem its flesh a great delicacy; the lean portions, especially of young specimens, are regarded by Europeans as excellent eating . It is generally taken by spearing, the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• OBJECT

object of the See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

hunter being to raise the tail out of the water, when the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal becomes perfectly powerless . It seldom attains a length of more than 8 or 10 ft .

The Australian dugong is a larger species, attaining sometimes a length of 15 ft.; it occurs along the Australian coast from The Dugong . Moreton See also:

• BAY

Bay to Cape.See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and is highly valued by the natives, who See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

hunt it with spears, and See also:

• GORGE

gorge themselves with its flesh, when they are fortunate enough to secure a carcase . Of See also:

• LATE

late years the oil obtained from the blubber of this species has been largely used in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia as a substitute for See also:

• COD

cod-See also:

• LIVER (O. Eng. lifer; cf. cognate forms, Dutch lever, Ger. Leber, Swed. lefver, &c.; the O. H. Ger. forms are libara, lipora, &c.; the Teut. word has been connected with Gr. i'prap and Lat. jecur)

liver oil . It • does not contain See also:

• IODINE (symbol I, atomic weight '26.92)

iodine, but is said to possess all the therapeutic qualities of cod-liver oil without its nauseous See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . A full-grown dugong yields from ro to 12 gallons of oil, and this forms in See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather a thick See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass, and requires to be melted before a See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire previous to being used . The flesh of the Australian dugong is easy of digestion, the See also:

• MUSCULAR

muscular fibre when fresh resembling See also:

• BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef, and when salted having the flavour of See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

bacon . In the earliest Australian dugong-See also:

• FISHERY (LAW OF)

fishery natives were employed to See also:

• HARPOON (from Fr. harpon, a grappling-iron, O. Fr. harpy, a dog's claw, an iron clamp for fastening stones together; the source of these words is the Lat. harpago, harpa, &c., formed from Gr. apaayit, hook, apsrh c , to snatch, tear away, cf. " harpy ")

harpoon these animals, which soon, however, became too wary • to allow themselves to be approached near enough for this purpose, and the harpoon was abandoned for the See also:

• NET

net . The latter is spread at See also:

• NIGHT

night, and in its meshes dugongs are caught in considerable numbers . (R . L.*) DUGUAY-TROUIN, RENE (1673–1736), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French sea See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, belonged to a well-known See also:

• FAMILY

family of merchants and sea captains of St Malo . He was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St Maio on the loth of See also:

• JUNE

June 1673 . He was originally intended for the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and studied with that view at See also:

• RENNES

Rennes and See also:

• CAEN

Caen; but on the breaking out of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland in 1689 he went to sea in a See also:

• PRIVATEER

privateer owned by his family .

During the first three months.his courage was tried by a violent See also:

• TEMPEST, MARIE (1866– )

tempest, an imminent shipwreck, the boarding of an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• SHIP

ship, and the threatened destruction of his own See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel by fire . The following See also:

• YEAR

year, as a volunteer in a vessel of 28 guns, he was See also:

• PRESENT

present in a bloody combat with an English See also:

• FLEET

fleet of five See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant vessels . The courage he then showed was so remarkable that in 1691, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen, his family gave him a See also:

• CORSAIR (through the Fr. from the Med. Lat. cursarius, a pirate; cursus, or cursa, from currere, to run, being Late Latin for a plundering foray)

corsair of 14 guns; and having been thrown by a tempest on the coast of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, he burned two English See also:

• SHIPS

ships in the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• LIMERICK

Limerick . In 1694 his vessel of 40 guns was captured by the English, and, being taken prisoner, he was confined in the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of See also:

• PLYMOUTH
• PLYMOUTH, EARLS OF

Plymouth . He escaped, according to his own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account, by the help of a See also:

• PRETTY

pretty shopwoman and her See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover, a French refugee in the English service . He then obtained command of a vessel of 48 guns, and made a See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of English vessels on the Irish coast . In 1696 he made a brilliant capture of Dutch vessels, and the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing an account of the affair gave him a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission as capitaine de fregate (See also:

• COMMANDER

commander) in the royal See also:

• NAVY

navy . In 1704–1705 he desolated the coasts of England . In 1706 he was raised to the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of captain of a vessel of the See also:

• LINE

line . In 1707 he was made See also:

• CHEVALIER, ALBERT (1861– )
• CHEVALIER, MICHEL (1806-1879)
• CHEVALIER, ULYSSE (1841– )

chevalier of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis, and captured off the See also:

• LIZARD (Lat. lacertal)

Lizard the greater See also:

• PART

part of an English See also:

• CONVOY

convoy of troops and munitions See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound for See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . His most glorious See also:

• ACTION

action was the capture in 1711 of Rio Janeiro, on which he imposed a heavy contribution . In 1715 he was made chef d'escadre, the rank which in the French navy answered to the English See also:

• COMMODORE (a form of " commander"; in the 17th century the term " commandore " is used)

commodore, and in 1728 commander of the order of St Louis and See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• DES

des armees navales .

In 1731 he commanded a See also:

• SQUADRON

squadron for the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of French See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce in the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant . He died on the 27th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1736 . See his own Memoires (174o) ; and J . Poulain, Duguay-Trouin (1882) . DU GUESCLIN, See also:

• BERTRAND, HENRI GRATIEN, COMTE (1773-1844)

BERTRAND (c . 1320-1380), See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, the most famous French See also:

• WARRIOR

warrior of his age, was born of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient but undistinguished family at the castle of La Motte-Broons (See also:

• DINAN

Dinan) . The date of his birth is doubtful, the authorities varying between 1311 and 1324 . The name is spelt in various ways in contemporary records, e.g . Claquin, Klesquin, Guescquin, Glayaquin, &c . The See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form is found on his See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument at St See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, and in some legal documents of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . In his boyhood Bertrand was a dull learner, spending his time in open-See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air See also:

• SPORTS
• SPORTS, THE BOOK OF

sports and exercises, and could never read or write . He was remarkable for ugliness, and was an object of aversion to his parents .

He first made himself a name as a soldier at the See also:

• TOURNAMENT, or TOURNEY (Fr. tournement, tournoi, Med. Lat. torneamentum, from tourner, to turn)

tournament held at Rennes in 1338 to celebrate the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles of See also:

• BLOIS

Blois with Jeanne de Penthievre, at which he unseated the most famous competitors . In the war which followed between Charles of Blois and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort, for thepossession of the duchy of See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany, he served his See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship as a soldier (1341) . As he was not a great See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron with a See also:

• BODY

body of vassals at his command, he put himself at the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• BAND

band of adventurers, and fought on the side of Charles and of France . He distinguished himself by a brilliant action at the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• VANNES

Vannes in 1342; and after that he disappears from See also:

• HISTORY

history for some years . In 1354, having shortly before been made a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight, he was sent into England with the lords of Brittany to treat for the See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom of Charles of Blois, who had been defeated and captured by the English in 1347 . When Rennes and Dinan were attacked by the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster in 1356, Du Guesclin fought continuously against the English, and at this time he engaged in a celebrated See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel with See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury . He finally forced his way with provisions and reinforcements into Rennes, which he successfully defended till June 1357i when the siege was raised in pursuance of the truce of See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux . For this service he was rewarded with the lordship of Pontorson . Shortly afterwards he passed into the service of France, and greatly distinguished himself at the siege of See also:

• MELUN

Melun (r359), being, however, taken prisoner a little later by Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• KNOLLYS

Knollys . In 1360, 1361 and 1362 he was continually in the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, being again made prisoner in 136o . In 1364 he married, but was soon again in the field, this time against the king of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre . In May 1364 he won an important victory over the Navarrese at Cocherel, and took the famous See also:

• CAPTAL (Lat. capitalis, " first," " chief ")

Captal de See also:

• BUCH
• BUCH, CHRISTIAN LEOPOLD VON, BARON (1774-1853)

Buch prisoner .

He had previously been made See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of La See also:

• ROCHE, SIR BOYLE, BART

Roche-Tesson (1361) and See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain (1364); he was now made See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• LONGUEVILLE
• LONGUEVILLE, ANNE GENEVIEVE, DUCHESSE DE (1619—1679)

Longueville and lieutenant of See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy . Shortly afterwards, in aiding Charles of Blois, Du Guesclin was taken prisoner by Sir John See also:

• CHANDOS, BARONS AND DUKES OF
• CHANDOS, SIR JOHN (?-137o)

Chandos at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• AURAY

Auray, in which Charles was killed . The See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the general war, however, had released great numbers of mercenaries (the great companies) from See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, and, as they began to See also:

• PLAY

play the part of brigands in France, it was necessary to get rid of them . Du Guesclin was ransomed for 1o0,000 crowns, and was charged to See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead them out of France . He marched with them into See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, supported See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of Trastamara against Pedro the Cruel, set the former upon the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile (1366), and was made constable of Castile and count of Trastamara . In the following year he was defeated and captured by the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince, ally of Pedro, at Navarette, but was soon released for a heavy ransom . Once more he fought for Henry, won the battle of Montiel (1369), reinstated him on the throne, and was created duke of Molinas . In May 1370, at the command of Charles V., who named him constable of France, he returned to France . War had just been declared against England, and Du Guesclin was called to take part in it . For nearly ten years he was engaged in fighting against the English in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of France, recovering from them the provinces of See also:

• POITOU

Poitou, See also:

• GUIENNE

Guienne and See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne, and thus powerfully contributing to the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of a See also:

• UNITED

united France . In 1373, when the duke of Brittany sought English aid against a threatened invasion by Charles V., Du Guesclin was sent at the head of a powerful See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army to seize the duchy, which he did; and two years later he frustrated the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of the duke with an English army to recover it . Finding in 1379 that the king entertained suspicions of his fidelity to him, he resolved to give up his constable's See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword and retire to Spain .

His See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution was at first See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof against remonstrance; but ultimately he received back the sword, and continued in the service of France . In 138o he was sent into See also:

• LANGUEDOC

Languedoc to suppress disturbances and See also:

• BRIGANDAGE

brigandage, provoked by the harsh See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the duke of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou . His first See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was to See also:

• LAY

lay siege to the fortress of See also:

• CHATEAUNEUF, LA BELLE

Chateauneuf-Randon, but on the See also:

• EVE

eve of its surrender the constable died on the 13th of See also:

• JULY

July 1380 . His remains were interred, by order of the king, in the church of St Denis . Du Guesclin lost his first wife in 1371, and married a second in 1373, but he See also:

• LEFT

left no legitimate See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . See See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography by D . F . Jamison (See also:

• CHARLESTON

Charleston, 1863), which was translated into French (1866) by order of See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal Count Randon, See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of war; also S . Luce, Histoire de B. du Guesclin (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1876) .