DUISBURG  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, 15 M. by See also:

• RAIL

rail N. from See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf, between the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine and the See also:

• RUHR

Ruhr, with which See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers it communicates by a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal . It is an important railway centre . Pop . (1885) 47,519; (1900) 92,729; (1905), including many outlying townships then recently incorporated, 191,551 . It has six See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and six See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant churches, among the latter the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic Salvatorkirche, of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It is well furnished with See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, which include a school of machinery . Of See also:

• MODERN

modern erections, the See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts and a memorial See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain to the cartographer See also:

• GERHARD
• GERHARD, FRIEDRICH WILHELM EDUARD (1795-1867)

Gerhard Kremer (See also:

• MERCATOR, GERARDUS [latinized form of GERHARD KREMER] (1512-1594)

Mercator) are worthy of mention . There are important foundries, See also:

• ROLLING

rolling See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills for See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel and See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass plates, chemical See also:

• WORKS

works, saw-milling, See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, See also:

• SOAP

soap and other manufactures . Duisburg was known to the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans as Castrum Deutonis, and mentioned under the Frankish See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings as Dispargum . In the 12th century it attained the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of an imperial See also:

• FREE

free town, but on being mortgaged in 1290 to See also:

• CLEVES (Ger. Cleve or Kleve)

Cleves it lost its privileges . At the beginning of the 17th century it was transferred to See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, and during the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War was alternately occupied by the Spaniards and the Dutch . In 1655 the elector See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick' See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of Brandenburg founded here a Protestant university, which flourished until 1802 .

DUK-DUK, a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret society of New See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain or New See also:

• POMERANIA (German, Pommern)

Pomerania, See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago, in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Pacific . The society has religious and See also:

• POLITICAL

political as well as social See also:

• OBJECTS

objects . It represents a rough sort of law and See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order through its presiding spirit Duk-Duk, a mysterious figure dressed in leaves to its See also:

• WAIST

waist, with a See also:

• HELMET (from an obsolete diminutive of O. Fr. helme, mod. heaume; the English word is " helm," as in O. Eng., Dutch and Ger.; all are from the Teutonic base hal-, pre-Teut. kal-, to cover; cf. Lat. celare, to hide, Eng. " hell," &c.)

helmet like a gigantic See also:

• CANDLE (Lat. candela, from candere, to glow)

candle-extinguisher made of network . Upon this figure See also:

• WOMEN

women and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children are forbidden to look . Women, who are entitled in New Britain to their own earnings and See also:

• WORK

work harder than men, are the See also:

• SPECIAL

special victims of Duk-Duk, who levies See also:

• BLACKMAIL

blackmail upon them if they are about during its visits . These are generally timed to coincide with the See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours at which the women are out in the See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields and therefore cannot help seeing the figure . See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

Justice is executed, fines extorted, taboos, feasts, taxes and all tribal matters are arranged by the Duk-Duk members, who See also:

• WEAR

wear hideous masks or See also:

• CHALK

chalk their faces . In carrying out punishments they are allowed to See also:

• BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

burn houses and even kill See also:

• PEOPLE

people . Only See also:

• MALES

males can belong to Duk-Duk, the entrance fees of which vary from 5o to 100 fathoms of dewarra (small cowrie shells strung on strips of See also:

• CANE

cane) . The society has its secret signs and See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual, and festivals at which the presence of a stranger would mean his See also:

• DEATH

death . Duk-Duk only appears with the full See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon . The society is now much discredited and is fast dying out .

See " Duk-Duk and other Customs or Forms of Expression of the Melanesian's Intellectual See also:

• LIFE

Life," by See also:

• GRAF, ARTURO (1848– )
• GRAF, KARL HEINRICH (1815–1869)

Graf von Pfeil (Journ. of Anthrop . Instit. vol . 27, p . 181) .